#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (c) 2008 Martin Decky
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
#   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
# NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
"""
FAT creator
"""

import sys
import os
import random
import xstruct
import array

exclude_names = set(['.svn', '.bzr'])

def align_up(size, alignment):
	"Return size aligned up to alignment"
	
	if (size % alignment == 0):
		return size
	
	return (((size / alignment) + 1) * alignment)

def subtree_size(root, cluster_size, dirent_size):
	"Recursive directory walk and calculate size"
	
	size = 0
	files = 2
	
	for name in os.listdir(root):
		canon = os.path.join(root, name)
		
		if (os.path.isfile(canon) and (not name in exclude_names)):
			size += align_up(os.path.getsize(canon), cluster_size)
			files += 1
		
		if (os.path.isdir(canon) and (not name in exclude_names)):
			size += subtree_size(canon, cluster_size, dirent_size)
			files += 1
	
	return size + align_up(files * dirent_size, cluster_size)

def root_entries(root):
	"Return number of root directory entries"
	
	return len(os.listdir(root))

def write_file(path, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters):
	"Store the contents of a file"
	
	size = os.path.getsize(path)
	prev = -1
	first = 0
	
	inf = file(path, "r")
	rd = 0;
	while (rd < size):
		empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
		fat[empty_cluster] = 0xffff
		
		if (prev != -1):
			fat[prev] = empty_cluster
		else:
			first = empty_cluster
		
		prev = empty_cluster
		
		data = inf.read(cluster_size);
		outf.seek(data_start + (empty_cluster - reserved_clusters) * cluster_size)
		outf.write(data)
		rd += len(data)
	inf.close()
	
	return first, size

def write_directory(directory, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster):
	"Store the contents of a directory"
	
	length = len(directory)
	size = length * dirent_size
	prev = -1
	first = 0
	
	i = 0
	rd = 0;
	while (rd < size):
		if (prev != -1):
			empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
			fat[empty_cluster] = 0xffff
			fat[prev] = empty_cluster
		else:
			first = empty_cluster
		
		prev = empty_cluster
		
		data = ''
		data_len = 0
		while ((i < length) and (data_len < cluster_size)):
			if (i == 0):
				directory[i].cluster = empty_cluster
			
			data += directory[i].pack()
			data_len += dirent_size
			i += 1
		
		outf.seek(data_start + (empty_cluster - reserved_clusters) * cluster_size)
		outf.write(data)
		rd += len(data)
	
	return first, size

DIR_ENTRY = """little:
	char name[8]               /* file name */
	char ext[3]                /* file extension */
	uint8_t attr               /* file attributes */
	uint8_t lcase              /* file name case (NT extension) */
	uint8_t ctime_fine         /* create time (fine resolution) */
	uint16_t ctime             /* create time */
	uint16_t cdate             /* create date */
	uint16_t adate             /* access date */
	padding[2]                 /* EA-index */
	uint16_t mtime             /* modification time */
	uint16_t mdate             /* modification date */
	uint16_t cluster           /* first cluster */
	uint32_t size              /* file size */
"""

DOT_DIR_ENTRY = """little:
	uint8_t signature          /* 0x2e signature */
	char name[7]               /* empty */
	char ext[3]                /* empty */
	uint8_t attr               /* file attributes */
	padding[1]                 /* reserved for NT */
	uint8_t ctime_fine         /* create time (fine resolution) */
	uint16_t ctime             /* create time */
	uint16_t cdate             /* create date */
	uint16_t adate             /* access date */
	padding[2]                 /* EA-index */
	uint16_t mtime             /* modification time */
	uint16_t mdate             /* modification date */
	uint16_t cluster           /* first cluster */
	uint32_t size              /* file size */
"""

DOTDOT_DIR_ENTRY = """little:
	uint8_t signature[2]       /* 0x2e signature */
	char name[6]               /* empty */
	char ext[3]                /* empty */
	uint8_t attr               /* file attributes */
	padding[1]                 /* reserved for NT */
	uint8_t ctime_fine         /* create time (fine resolution) */
	uint16_t ctime             /* create time */
	uint16_t cdate             /* create date */
	uint16_t adate             /* access date */
	padding[2]                 /* EA-index */
	uint16_t mtime             /* modification time */
	uint16_t mdate             /* modification date */
	uint16_t cluster           /* first cluster */
	uint32_t size              /* file size */
"""

def mangle_fname(name):
	# FIXME: filter illegal characters
	parts = name.split('.')
	
	if (len(parts) > 0):
		fname = parts[0]
	else:
		fname = ''
		
	return (fname + '          ').upper()[0:8]

def mangle_ext(name):
	# FIXME: filter illegal characters
	parts = name.split('.')
	
	if (len(parts) > 1):
		ext = parts[1]
	else:
		ext = ''
	
	return (ext + '   ').upper()[0:3]

def create_dirent(name, directory, cluster, size):
	dir_entry = xstruct.create(DIR_ENTRY)
	
	dir_entry.name = mangle_fname(name)
	dir_entry.ext = mangle_ext(name)
	
	if (directory):
		dir_entry.attr = 0x30
	else:
		dir_entry.attr = 0x20
	
	dir_entry.lcase = 0x18
	dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cluster = cluster
	
	if (directory):
		dir_entry.size = 0
	else:
		dir_entry.size = size
	
	return dir_entry

def create_dot_dirent(empty_cluster):
	dir_entry = xstruct.create(DOT_DIR_ENTRY)
	
	dir_entry.signature = 0x2e
	dir_entry.name = '       '
	dir_entry.ext = '   '
	dir_entry.attr = 0x10
	
	dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cluster = empty_cluster
	dir_entry.size = 0
	
	return dir_entry

def create_dotdot_dirent(parent_cluster):
	dir_entry = xstruct.create(DOTDOT_DIR_ENTRY)
	
	dir_entry.signature = [0x2e, 0x2e]
	dir_entry.name = '      '
	dir_entry.ext = '   '
	dir_entry.attr = 0x10
	
	dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
	dir_entry.cluster = parent_cluster
	dir_entry.size = 0
	
	return dir_entry

def recursion(head, root, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, parent_cluster):
	"Recursive directory walk"
	
	directory = []
	
	if (not head):
		# Directory cluster preallocation
		empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
		fat[empty_cluster] = 0xffff
		
		directory.append(create_dot_dirent(empty_cluster))
		directory.append(create_dotdot_dirent(parent_cluster))
	else:
		empty_cluster = 0
	
	for name in os.listdir(root):
		canon = os.path.join(root, name)
		
		if (os.path.isfile(canon) and (not name in exclude_names)):
			rv = write_file(canon, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters)
			directory.append(create_dirent(name, False, rv[0], rv[1]))
		
		if (os.path.isdir(canon) and (not name in exclude_names)):
			rv = recursion(False, canon, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster)
			directory.append(create_dirent(name, True, rv[0], rv[1]))
	
	if (head):
		outf.seek(root_start)
		for dir_entry in directory:
			outf.write(dir_entry.pack())
	else:
		return write_directory(directory, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster)

BOOT_SECTOR = """little:
	uint8_t jmp[3]             /* jump instruction */
	char oem[8]                /* OEM string */
	uint16_t sector            /* bytes per sector */
	uint8_t cluster            /* sectors per cluster */
	uint16_t reserved          /* reserved sectors */
	uint8_t fats               /* number of FATs */
	uint16_t rootdir           /* root directory entries */
	uint16_t sectors           /* total number of sectors */
	uint8_t descriptor         /* media descriptor */
	uint16_t fat_sectors       /* sectors per single FAT */
	uint16_t track_sectors     /* sectors per track */
	uint16_t heads             /* number of heads */
	uint32_t hidden            /* hidden sectors */
	uint32_t sectors_big       /* total number of sectors (if sectors == 0) */
	
	/* Extended BIOS Parameter Block */
	uint8_t drive              /* physical drive number */
	padding[1]                 /* reserved (current head) */
	uint8_t extboot_signature  /* extended boot signature */
	uint32_t serial            /* serial number */
	char label[11]             /* volume label */
	char fstype[8]             /* filesystem type */
	padding[448]               /* boot code */
	uint8_t boot_signature[2]  /* boot signature */
"""

EMPTY_SECTOR = """little:
	padding[512]               /* empty sector data */
"""

FAT_ENTRY = """little:
	uint16_t next              /* FAT16 entry */
"""

def usage(prname):
	"Print usage syntax"
	print prname + " <PATH> <IMAGE>"

def main():
	if (len(sys.argv) < 3):
		usage(sys.argv[0])
		return
	
	path = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
	if (not os.path.isdir(path)):
		print "<PATH> must be a directory"
		return
	
	fat16_clusters = 4096
	
	sector_size = 512
	cluster_size = 4096
	dirent_size = 32
	fatent_size = 2
	fat_count = 2
	reserved_clusters = 2
	
	# Make sure the filesystem is large enought for FAT16
	size = subtree_size(path, cluster_size, dirent_size) + reserved_clusters * cluster_size
	while (size / cluster_size < fat16_clusters):
		if (cluster_size > sector_size):
			cluster_size /= 2
			size = subtree_size(path, cluster_size, dirent_size) + reserved_clusters * cluster_size
		else:
			size = fat16_clusters * cluster_size + reserved_clusters * cluster_size
	
	root_size = align_up(root_entries(path) * dirent_size, cluster_size)
	
	fat_size = align_up(align_up(size, cluster_size) / cluster_size * fatent_size, sector_size)
	
	sectors = (cluster_size + fat_count * fat_size + root_size + size) / sector_size
	root_start = cluster_size + fat_count * fat_size
	data_start = root_start + root_size
	
	outf = file(sys.argv[2], "w")
	
	boot_sector = xstruct.create(BOOT_SECTOR)
	boot_sector.jmp = [0xEB, 0x3C, 0x90]
	boot_sector.oem = "MSDOS5.0"
	boot_sector.sector = sector_size
	boot_sector.cluster = cluster_size / sector_size
	boot_sector.reserved = cluster_size / sector_size
	boot_sector.fats = fat_count
	boot_sector.rootdir = root_size / dirent_size
	if (sectors <= 65535):
		boot_sector.sectors = sectors
	else:
		boot_sector.sectors = 0
	boot_sector.descriptor = 0xF8
	boot_sector.fat_sectors = fat_size / sector_size
	boot_sector.track_sectors = 63
	boot_sector.heads = 6
	boot_sector.hidden = 0
	if (sectors > 65535):
		boot_sector.sectors_big = sectors
	else:
		boot_sector.sectors_big = 0
	
	boot_sector.drive = 0x80
	boot_sector.extboot_signature = 0x29
	boot_sector.serial = random.randint(0, 0x7fffffff)
	boot_sector.label = "HELENOS"
	boot_sector.fstype = "FAT16   "
	boot_sector.boot_signature = [0x55, 0xAA]
	
	outf.write(boot_sector.pack())
	
	empty_sector = xstruct.create(EMPTY_SECTOR)
	
	# Reserved sectors
	for i in range(1, cluster_size / sector_size):
		outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
	
	# FAT tables
	for i in range(0, fat_count):
		for j in range(0, fat_size / sector_size):
			outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
	
	# Root directory
	for i in range(0, root_size / sector_size):
		outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
	
	# Data
	for i in range(0, size / sector_size):
		outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
	
	fat = array.array('L', [0] * (fat_size / fatent_size))
	fat[0] = 0xfff8
	fat[1] = 0xffff
	
	recursion(True, path, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, 0)
	
	# Store FAT
	fat_entry = xstruct.create(FAT_ENTRY)
	for i in range(0, fat_count):
		outf.seek(cluster_size + i * fat_size)
		for j in range(0, fat_size / fatent_size):
			fat_entry.next = fat[j]
			outf.write(fat_entry.pack())
	
	outf.close()
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()