source: mainline/uspace/srv/vfs/vfs_ops.c@ bf9dc4e2

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Jakub Jermar
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/** @addtogroup fs
 * @{
 */

/**
 * @file vfs_ops.c
 * @brief Operations that VFS offers to its clients.
 */

#include "vfs.h"
#include <macros.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <async.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <str.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <fibril_synch.h>
#include <adt/list.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <vfs/canonify.h>
#include <vfs/vfs_mtab.h>

FIBRIL_MUTEX_INITIALIZE(mtab_list_lock);
LIST_INITIALIZE(mtab_list);
static size_t mtab_size = 0;

/* Forward declarations of static functions. */
static int vfs_truncate_internal(fs_handle_t, service_id_t, fs_index_t,
    aoff64_t);

/**
 * This rwlock prevents the race between a triplet-to-VFS-node resolution and a
 * concurrent VFS operation which modifies the file system namespace.
 */
FIBRIL_RWLOCK_INITIALIZE(namespace_rwlock);

vfs_node_t *root = NULL;

static int vfs_mount_internal(ipc_callid_t rid, service_id_t service_id,
    fs_handle_t fs_handle, char *mp, char *opts)
{
        vfs_lookup_res_t mp_res;
        vfs_lookup_res_t mr_res;
        vfs_node_t *mp_node = NULL;
        vfs_node_t *mr_node;
        fs_index_t rindex;
        aoff64_t rsize;
        unsigned rlnkcnt;
        async_exch_t *exch;
        sysarg_t rc;
        aid_t msg;
        ipc_call_t answer;
        
        /* Resolve the path to the mountpoint. */
        fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        if (root == NULL) {
                /* We still don't have the root file system mounted. */
                if (str_cmp(mp, "/") != 0) {
                        /*
                         * We can't resolve this without the root filesystem
                         * being mounted first.
                         */
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                        return ENOENT;
                }
                
                /*
                 * For this simple, but important case,
                 * we are almost done.
                 */
                        
                /* Tell the mountee that it is being mounted. */
                exch = vfs_exchange_grab(fs_handle);
                msg = async_send_1(exch, VFS_OUT_MOUNTED,
                    (sysarg_t) service_id, &answer);
                /* Send the mount options */
                rc = async_data_write_start(exch, (void *)opts,
                    str_size(opts));
                vfs_exchange_release(exch);
                        
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        async_forget(msg);
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                        return rc;
                }
                async_wait_for(msg, &rc);
                        
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                        return rc;
                }

                rindex = (fs_index_t) IPC_GET_ARG1(answer);
                rsize = (aoff64_t) MERGE_LOUP32(IPC_GET_ARG2(answer),
                    IPC_GET_ARG3(answer));
                rlnkcnt = (unsigned) IPC_GET_ARG4(answer);
                
                mr_res.triplet.fs_handle = fs_handle;
                mr_res.triplet.service_id = service_id;
                mr_res.triplet.index = rindex;
                mr_res.size = rsize;
                mr_res.lnkcnt = rlnkcnt;
                mr_res.type = VFS_NODE_DIRECTORY;
                        
                /* Add reference to the mounted root. */
                root = vfs_node_get(&mr_res); 
                assert(root);
                        
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return rc;
        }
        
        /* We already have the root FS. */
        if (str_cmp(mp, "/") == 0) {
                /* Trying to mount root FS over root FS */
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, EBUSY);
                return EBUSY;
        }
        
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, mp, L_DIRECTORY, &mp_res);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                /* The lookup failed. */
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return rc;
        }
        
        mp_node = vfs_node_get(&mp_res);
        if (!mp_node) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                return ENOMEM;
        }
        
        /*
         * Now we hold a reference to mp_node.
         * It will be dropped upon the corresponding VFS_IN_UNMOUNT.
         * This prevents the mount point from being deleted.
         */
        
        /*
         * At this point, we have all necessary pieces: file system handle
         * and service ID, and we know the mount point VFS node.
         */
        
        async_exch_t *mountee_exch = vfs_exchange_grab(fs_handle);
        assert(mountee_exch);
        
        exch = vfs_exchange_grab(mp_res.triplet.fs_handle);
        msg = async_send_4(exch, VFS_OUT_MOUNT,
            (sysarg_t) mp_res.triplet.service_id,
            (sysarg_t) mp_res.triplet.index,
            (sysarg_t) fs_handle,
            (sysarg_t) service_id, &answer);
        
        /* Send connection */
        rc = async_exchange_clone(exch, mountee_exch);
        vfs_exchange_release(mountee_exch);
        
        if (rc != EOK) {
                vfs_exchange_release(exch);
                async_forget(msg);
                
                /* Mount failed, drop reference to mp_node. */
                if (mp_node)
                        vfs_node_put(mp_node);
                
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                return rc;
        }
        
        /* send the mount options */
        rc = async_data_write_start(exch, (void *) opts, str_size(opts));
        if (rc != EOK) {
                vfs_exchange_release(exch);
                async_forget(msg);
                
                /* Mount failed, drop reference to mp_node. */
                if (mp_node)
                        vfs_node_put(mp_node);
                
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return rc;
        }
        
        /*
         * Wait for the answer before releasing the exchange to avoid deadlock
         * in case the answer depends on further calls to the same file system.
         * Think of a case when mounting a FS on a file_bd backed by a file on
         * the same FS. 
         */
        async_wait_for(msg, &rc);
        vfs_exchange_release(exch);
        
        if (rc == EOK) {
                rindex = (fs_index_t) IPC_GET_ARG1(answer);
                rsize = (aoff64_t) MERGE_LOUP32(IPC_GET_ARG2(answer),
                    IPC_GET_ARG3(answer));
                rlnkcnt = (unsigned) IPC_GET_ARG4(answer);
                
                mr_res.triplet.fs_handle = fs_handle;
                mr_res.triplet.service_id = service_id;
                mr_res.triplet.index = rindex;
                mr_res.size = rsize;
                mr_res.lnkcnt = rlnkcnt;
                mr_res.type = VFS_NODE_DIRECTORY;
                
                /* Add reference to the mounted root. */
                mr_node = vfs_node_get(&mr_res); 
                assert(mr_node);
        } else {
                /* Mount failed, drop reference to mp_node. */
                if (mp_node)
                        vfs_node_put(mp_node);
        }
        
        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
        return rc;
}

void vfs_mount(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        service_id_t service_id;

        /*
         * We expect the library to do the device-name to device-handle
         * translation for us, thus the device handle will arrive as ARG1
         * in the request.
         */
        service_id = (service_id_t) IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        
        /*
         * Mount flags are passed as ARG2.
         */
        unsigned int flags = (unsigned int) IPC_GET_ARG2(*request);
        
        /*
         * Instance number is passed as ARG3.
         */
        unsigned int instance = IPC_GET_ARG3(*request);

        /* We want the client to send us the mount point. */
        char *mp;
        int rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &mp, true, 0, MAX_PATH_LEN,
            0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Now we expect to receive the mount options. */
        char *opts;
        rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &opts, true, 0, MAX_MNTOPTS_LEN,
            0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                free(mp);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Now, we expect the client to send us data with the name of the file
         * system.
         */
        char *fs_name;
        rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &fs_name, true, 0,
            FS_NAME_MAXLEN, 0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                free(mp);
                free(opts);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Wait for VFS_IN_PING so that we can return an error if we don't know
         * fs_name.
         */
        ipc_call_t data;
        ipc_callid_t callid = async_get_call(&data);
        if (IPC_GET_IMETHOD(data) != VFS_IN_PING) {
                async_answer_0(callid, ENOTSUP);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOTSUP);
                free(mp);
                free(opts);
                free(fs_name);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Check if we know a file system with the same name as is in fs_name.
         * This will also give us its file system handle.
         */
        fibril_mutex_lock(&fs_list_lock);
        fs_handle_t fs_handle;
recheck:
        fs_handle = fs_name_to_handle(instance, fs_name, false);
        if (!fs_handle) {
                if (flags & IPC_FLAG_BLOCKING) {
                        fibril_condvar_wait(&fs_list_cv, &fs_list_lock);
                        goto recheck;
                }
                
                fibril_mutex_unlock(&fs_list_lock);
                async_answer_0(callid, ENOENT);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                free(mp);
                free(fs_name);
                free(opts);
                return;
        }
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&fs_list_lock);

        /* Add the filesystem info to the list of mounted filesystems */
        mtab_ent_t *mtab_ent = malloc(sizeof(mtab_ent_t));
        if (!mtab_ent) {
                async_answer_0(callid, ENOMEM);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                free(mp);
                free(fs_name);
                free(opts);
                return;
        }

        /* Do the mount */
        rc = vfs_mount_internal(rid, service_id, fs_handle, mp, opts);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                async_answer_0(callid, ENOTSUP);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOTSUP);
                free(mtab_ent);
                free(mp);
                free(opts);
                free(fs_name);
                return;
        }

        /* Add the filesystem info to the list of mounted filesystems */

        str_cpy(mtab_ent->mp, MAX_PATH_LEN, mp);
        str_cpy(mtab_ent->fs_name, FS_NAME_MAXLEN, fs_name);
        str_cpy(mtab_ent->opts, MAX_MNTOPTS_LEN, opts);
        mtab_ent->instance = instance;
        mtab_ent->service_id = service_id;

        link_initialize(&mtab_ent->link);

        fibril_mutex_lock(&mtab_list_lock);
        list_append(&mtab_ent->link, &mtab_list);
        mtab_size++;
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&mtab_list_lock);

        free(mp);
        free(fs_name);
        free(opts);

        /* Acknowledge that we know fs_name. */
        async_answer_0(callid, EOK);
}

void vfs_unmount(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int rc;
        char *mp;
        vfs_lookup_res_t mp_res;
        vfs_lookup_res_t mr_res;
        vfs_node_t *mr_node;
        async_exch_t *exch;
        
        /*
         * Receive the mount point path.
         */
        rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &mp, true, 0, MAX_PATH_LEN,
            0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK)
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
        
        /*
         * Taking the namespace lock will do two things for us. First, it will
         * prevent races with other lookup operations. Second, it will stop new
         * references to already existing VFS nodes and creation of new VFS
         * nodes. This is because new references are added as a result of some
         * lookup operation or at least of some operation which is protected by
         * the namespace lock.
         */
        fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        
        /*
         * Lookup the mounted root and instantiate it.
         */
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, mp, 0, &mr_res);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                free(mp);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        mr_node = vfs_node_get(&mr_res);
        if (!mr_node) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                free(mp);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Count the total number of references for the mounted file system. We
         * are expecting at least two. One which we got above and one which we
         * got when the file system was mounted. If we find more, it means that
         * the file system cannot be gracefully unmounted at the moment because
         * someone is working with it.
         */
        if (vfs_nodes_refcount_sum_get(mr_node->fs_handle,
            mr_node->service_id) != 2) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(mr_node);
                free(mp);
                async_answer_0(rid, EBUSY);
                return;
        }
        
        if (str_cmp(mp, "/") == 0) {
                
                /*
                 * Unmounting the root file system.
                 *
                 * In this case, there is no mount point node and we send
                 * VFS_OUT_UNMOUNTED directly to the mounted file system.
                 */
                
                exch = vfs_exchange_grab(mr_node->fs_handle);
                rc = async_req_1_0(exch, VFS_OUT_UNMOUNTED,
                    mr_node->service_id);
                vfs_exchange_release(exch);
                
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        free(mp);
                        vfs_node_put(mr_node);
                        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                        return;
                }
                
                root = NULL;
        } else {
                
                /*
                 * Unmounting a non-root file system.
                 *
                 * We have a regular mount point node representing the parent
                 * file system, so we delegate the operation to it.
                 */
                
                rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, mp, L_MP, &mp_res);
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        free(mp);
                        vfs_node_put(mr_node);
                        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                        return;
                }
                
                vfs_node_t *mp_node = vfs_node_get(&mp_res);
                if (!mp_node) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        free(mp);
                        vfs_node_put(mr_node);
                        async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                        return;
                }
                
                exch = vfs_exchange_grab(mp_node->fs_handle);
                rc = async_req_2_0(exch, VFS_OUT_UNMOUNT,
                    mp_node->service_id, mp_node->index);
                vfs_exchange_release(exch);
                
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        free(mp);
                        vfs_node_put(mp_node);
                        vfs_node_put(mr_node);
                        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                        return;
                }
                
                /* Drop the reference we got above. */
                vfs_node_put(mp_node);
                /* Drop the reference from when the file system was mounted. */
                vfs_node_put(mp_node);
        }
        
        /*
         * All went well, the mounted file system was successfully unmounted.
         * The only thing left is to forget the unmounted root VFS node.
         */
        vfs_node_forget(mr_node);
        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);

        fibril_mutex_lock(&mtab_list_lock);

        int found = 0;

        list_foreach(mtab_list, cur) {
                mtab_ent_t *mtab_ent = list_get_instance(cur, mtab_ent_t,
                    link);

                if (str_cmp(mtab_ent->mp, mp) == 0) {
                        list_remove(&mtab_ent->link);
                        mtab_size--;
                        free(mtab_ent);
                        found = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }
        assert(found);
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&mtab_list_lock);

        free(mp);

        async_answer_0(rid, EOK);
}

static inline bool walk_flags_valid(int flags)
{
        if ((flags&~WALK_ALL_FLAGS) != 0) {
                return false;
        }
        if ((flags&WALK_MAY_CREATE) && (flags&WALK_MUST_CREATE)) {
                return false;
        }
        if ((flags&WALK_REGULAR) && (flags&WALK_DIRECTORY)) {
                return false;
        }
        if ((flags&WALK_MAY_CREATE) || (flags&WALK_MUST_CREATE)) {
                if (!(flags&WALK_DIRECTORY) && !(flags&WALK_REGULAR)) {
                        return false;
                }
        }
        return true;
}

static inline int walk_lookup_flags(int flags)
{
        int lflags = 0;
        if (flags&WALK_MAY_CREATE || flags&WALK_MUST_CREATE) {
                lflags |= L_CREATE;
        }
        if (flags&WALK_MUST_CREATE) {
                lflags |= L_EXCLUSIVE;
        }
        if (flags&WALK_REGULAR) {
                lflags |= L_FILE;
        }
        if (flags&WALK_DIRECTORY) {
                lflags |= L_DIRECTORY;
        }
        return lflags;
}

void vfs_walk(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        /*
         * Parent is our relative root for file lookup.
         * For defined flags, see <ipc/vfs.h>.
         */
        int parentfd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        int flags = IPC_GET_ARG2(*request);
        
        if (!walk_flags_valid(flags)) {
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }
        
        char *path;
        int rc = async_data_write_accept((void **)&path, true, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
        
        /* Lookup the file structure corresponding to the file descriptor. */
        vfs_file_t *parent = NULL;
        vfs_node_t *parent_node = root;
        // TODO: Client-side root.
        if (parentfd != -1) {
                parent = vfs_file_get(parentfd);
                if (!parent) {
                        free(path);
                        async_answer_0(rid, EBADF);
                        return;
                }
                parent_node = parent->node;
        }
        
        fibril_rwlock_read_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        
        vfs_lookup_res_t lr;
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) parent_node, path, walk_lookup_flags(flags), &lr);
        free(path);

        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                if (parent) {
                        vfs_file_put(parent);
                }
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_node_t *node = vfs_node_get(&lr);
        
        int fd = vfs_fd_alloc(false);
        if (fd < 0) {
                vfs_node_put(node);
                if (parent) {
                        vfs_file_put(parent);
                }
                async_answer_0(rid, fd);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        assert(file != NULL);
        
        file->node = node;
        if (parent) {
                file->permissions = parent->permissions;
        } else {
                file->permissions = MODE_READ | MODE_WRITE | MODE_APPEND;
        }
        file->open_read = false;
        file->open_write = false;
        
        vfs_node_addref(node);
        vfs_node_put(node);
        vfs_file_put(file);
        if (parent) {
                vfs_file_put(parent);
        }
        
        fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);

        async_answer_1(rid, EOK, fd);
}

void vfs_open2(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        int flags = IPC_GET_ARG2(*request);

        if (flags == 0) {
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }

        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, EBADF);
                return;
        }
        
        if ((flags & ~file->permissions) != 0) {
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_0(rid, EPERM);
                return;
        }
        
        file->open_read = (flags & MODE_READ) != 0;
        file->open_write = (flags & (MODE_WRITE | MODE_APPEND)) != 0;
        file->append = (flags & MODE_APPEND) != 0;
        
        if (!file->open_read && !file->open_write) {
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }
        
        if (file->node->type == VFS_NODE_DIRECTORY && file->open_write) {
                file->open_read = file->open_write = false;
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }
        
        int rc = vfs_open_node_remote(file->node);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                file->open_read = file->open_write = false;
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_file_put(file);
        async_answer_0(rid, EOK);
}

void vfs_sync(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        
        /* Lookup the file structure corresponding to the file descriptor. */
        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Lock the open file structure so that no other thread can manipulate
         * the same open file at a time.
         */
        fibril_mutex_lock(&file->lock);
        async_exch_t *fs_exch = vfs_exchange_grab(file->node->fs_handle);
        
        /* Make a VFS_OUT_SYMC request at the destination FS server. */
        aid_t msg;
        ipc_call_t answer;
        msg = async_send_2(fs_exch, VFS_OUT_SYNC, file->node->service_id,
            file->node->index, &answer);
        
        vfs_exchange_release(fs_exch);
        
        /* Wait for reply from the FS server. */
        sysarg_t rc;
        async_wait_for(msg, &rc);
        
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
        
        vfs_file_put(file);
        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
}

void vfs_close(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        int ret = vfs_fd_free(fd);
        async_answer_0(rid, ret);
}

static void vfs_rdwr(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request, bool read)
{
        /*
         * The following code strongly depends on the fact that the files data
         * structure can be only accessed by a single fibril and all file
         * operations are serialized (i.e. the reads and writes cannot
         * interleave and a file cannot be closed while it is being read).
         *
         * Additional synchronization needs to be added once the table of
         * open files supports parallel access!
         */
        
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        
        /* Lookup the file structure corresponding to the file descriptor. */
        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Lock the open file structure so that no other thread can manipulate
         * the same open file at a time.
         */
        fibril_mutex_lock(&file->lock);
        
        if ((read && !file->open_read) || (!read && !file->open_write)) {
                fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_info_t *fs_info = fs_handle_to_info(file->node->fs_handle);
        assert(fs_info);
        
        /*
         * Lock the file's node so that no other client can read/write to it at
         * the same time unless the FS supports concurrent reads/writes and its
         * write implementation does not modify the file size.
         */
        if ((read) ||
            ((fs_info->concurrent_read_write) && (fs_info->write_retains_size)))
                fibril_rwlock_read_lock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
        else
                fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
        
        if (file->node->type == VFS_NODE_DIRECTORY) {
                /*
                 * Make sure that no one is modifying the namespace
                 * while we are in readdir().
                 */
                assert(read);
                fibril_rwlock_read_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        }
        
        async_exch_t *fs_exch = vfs_exchange_grab(file->node->fs_handle);
        
        /*
         * Make a VFS_READ/VFS_WRITE request at the destination FS server
         * and forward the IPC_M_DATA_READ/IPC_M_DATA_WRITE request to the
         * destination FS server. The call will be routed as if sent by
         * ourselves. Note that call arguments are immutable in this case so we
         * don't have to bother.
         */
        sysarg_t rc;
        ipc_call_t answer;
        if (read) {
                rc = async_data_read_forward_4_1(fs_exch, VFS_OUT_READ,
                    file->node->service_id, file->node->index,
                    LOWER32(file->pos), UPPER32(file->pos), &answer);
        } else {
                if (file->append)
                        file->pos = file->node->size;
                
                rc = async_data_write_forward_4_1(fs_exch, VFS_OUT_WRITE,
                    file->node->service_id, file->node->index,
                    LOWER32(file->pos), UPPER32(file->pos), &answer);
        }
        
        vfs_exchange_release(fs_exch);
        
        size_t bytes = IPC_GET_ARG1(answer);
        
        if (file->node->type == VFS_NODE_DIRECTORY)
                fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
        
        /* Unlock the VFS node. */
        if ((read) ||
            ((fs_info->concurrent_read_write) && (fs_info->write_retains_size)))
                fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
        else {
                /* Update the cached version of node's size. */
                if (rc == EOK)
                        file->node->size = MERGE_LOUP32(IPC_GET_ARG2(answer),
                            IPC_GET_ARG3(answer));
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
        }
        
        /* Update the position pointer and unlock the open file. */
        if (rc == EOK)
                file->pos += bytes;
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
        vfs_file_put(file);     

        /*
         * FS server's reply is the final result of the whole operation we
         * return to the client.
         */
        async_answer_1(rid, rc, bytes);
}

void vfs_read(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        vfs_rdwr(rid, request, true);
}

void vfs_write(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        vfs_rdwr(rid, request, false);
}

void vfs_seek(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = (int) IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        off64_t off = (off64_t) MERGE_LOUP32(IPC_GET_ARG2(*request),
            IPC_GET_ARG3(*request));
        int whence = (int) IPC_GET_ARG4(*request);
        
        /* Lookup the file structure corresponding to the file descriptor. */
        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                return;
        }
        
        fibril_mutex_lock(&file->lock);
        
        off64_t newoff;
        switch (whence) {
        case SEEK_SET:
                if (off >= 0) {
                        file->pos = (aoff64_t) off;
                        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                        vfs_file_put(file);
                        async_answer_1(rid, EOK, off);
                        return;
                }
                break;
        case SEEK_CUR:
                if ((off >= 0) && (file->pos + off < file->pos)) {
                        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                        vfs_file_put(file);
                        async_answer_0(rid, EOVERFLOW);
                        return;
                }
                
                if ((off < 0) && (file->pos < (aoff64_t) -off)) {
                        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                        vfs_file_put(file);
                        async_answer_0(rid, EOVERFLOW);
                        return;
                }
                
                file->pos += off;
                newoff = (file->pos > OFF64_MAX) ?  OFF64_MAX : file->pos;
                
                fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_2(rid, EOK, LOWER32(newoff),
                    UPPER32(newoff));
                return;
        case SEEK_END:
                fibril_rwlock_read_lock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
                aoff64_t size = file->node->size;
                
                if ((off >= 0) && (size + off < size)) {
                        fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
                        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                        vfs_file_put(file);
                        async_answer_0(rid, EOVERFLOW);
                        return;
                }
                
                if ((off < 0) && (size < (aoff64_t) -off)) {
                        fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
                        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                        vfs_file_put(file);
                        async_answer_0(rid, EOVERFLOW);
                        return;
                }
                
                file->pos = size + off;
                newoff = (file->pos > OFF64_MAX) ?  OFF64_MAX : file->pos;
                
                fibril_rwlock_read_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
                fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_2(rid, EOK, LOWER32(newoff), UPPER32(newoff));
                return;
        }
        
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
        vfs_file_put(file);
        async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
}

int vfs_truncate_internal(fs_handle_t fs_handle, service_id_t service_id,
    fs_index_t index, aoff64_t size)
{
        async_exch_t *exch = vfs_exchange_grab(fs_handle);
        sysarg_t rc = async_req_4_0(exch, VFS_OUT_TRUNCATE,
            (sysarg_t) service_id, (sysarg_t) index, LOWER32(size),
            UPPER32(size));
        vfs_exchange_release(exch);
        
        return (int) rc;
}

void vfs_truncate(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        aoff64_t size = (aoff64_t) MERGE_LOUP32(IPC_GET_ARG2(*request),
            IPC_GET_ARG3(*request));
        int rc;

        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                return;
        }
        fibril_mutex_lock(&file->lock);

        fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);
        rc = vfs_truncate_internal(file->node->fs_handle,
            file->node->service_id, file->node->index, size);
        if (rc == EOK)
                file->node->size = size;
        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&file->node->contents_rwlock);

        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
        vfs_file_put(file);
        async_answer_0(rid, (sysarg_t)rc);
}

void vfs_fstat(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        sysarg_t rc;

        vfs_file_t *file = vfs_file_get(fd);
        if (!file) {
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOENT);
                return;
        }

        ipc_callid_t callid;
        if (!async_data_read_receive(&callid, NULL)) {
                vfs_file_put(file);
                async_answer_0(callid, EINVAL);
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                return;
        }

        fibril_mutex_lock(&file->lock);

        async_exch_t *exch = vfs_exchange_grab(file->node->fs_handle);
        
        aid_t msg;
        msg = async_send_3(exch, VFS_OUT_STAT, file->node->service_id,
            file->node->index, true, NULL);
        async_forward_fast(callid, exch, 0, 0, 0, IPC_FF_ROUTE_FROM_ME);
        
        vfs_exchange_release(exch);
        
        async_wait_for(msg, &rc);
        
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&file->lock);
        vfs_file_put(file);
        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
}

void vfs_unlink2(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int rc;
        char *path;
        vfs_file_t *parent = NULL;
        vfs_file_t *expect = NULL;
        vfs_node_t *parent_node = root;
        
        int parentfd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        int expectfd = IPC_GET_ARG2(*request);
        int wflag = IPC_GET_ARG3(*request);
        
        rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &path, true, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        
        int lflag = (wflag&WALK_DIRECTORY) ? L_DIRECTORY: 0;

        if (parentfd >= 0) {
                parent = vfs_file_get(parentfd);
                if (!parent) {
                        rc = ENOENT;
                        goto exit;
                }
                parent_node = parent->node;
        }
        
        if (expectfd >= 0) {
                expect = vfs_file_get(expectfd);
                if (!expect) {
                        rc = ENOENT;
                        goto exit;
                }
                
                vfs_lookup_res_t lr;
                rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) parent_node, path, lflag, &lr);
                if (rc != EOK) {
                        goto exit;
                }
                
                if (__builtin_memcmp(&lr.triplet, expect->node, sizeof(vfs_triplet_t)) != 0) {
                        rc = ENOENT;
                        goto exit;
                }
                
                vfs_file_put(expect);
                expect = NULL;
        }
        
        vfs_lookup_res_t lr;
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) parent_node, path, lflag | L_UNLINK, &lr);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                goto exit;
        }

        /*
         * The name has already been unlinked by vfs_lookup_internal().
         * We have to get and put the VFS node to ensure that it is
         * VFS_OUT_DESTROY'ed after the last reference to it is dropped.
         */
        vfs_node_t *node = vfs_node_get(&lr);
        vfs_node_delref(node);
        vfs_node_put(node);

exit:
        if (path) {
                free(path);
        }
        if (parent) {
                vfs_file_put(parent);
        }
        if (expect) {
                vfs_file_put(expect);
        }
        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
}

void vfs_rename(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        /* Retrieve the old path. */
        char *old;
        int rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &old, true, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Retrieve the new path. */
        char *new;
        rc = async_data_write_accept((void **) &new, true, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                free(old);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                return;
        }
        
        size_t olen;
        size_t nlen;
        char *oldc = canonify(old, &olen);
        char *newc = canonify(new, &nlen);
        
        if ((!oldc) || (!newc)) {
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        oldc[olen] = '\0';
        newc[nlen] = '\0';
        
        if ((!str_lcmp(newc, oldc, str_length(oldc))) &&
            ((newc[str_length(oldc)] == '/') ||
            (str_length(oldc) == 1) ||
            (str_length(oldc) == str_length(newc)))) {
                /*
                 * oldc is a prefix of newc and either
                 * - newc continues with a / where oldc ends, or
                 * - oldc was / itself, or
                 * - oldc and newc are equal.
                 */
                async_answer_0(rid, EINVAL);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_lookup_res_t old_lr;
        vfs_lookup_res_t new_lr;
        vfs_lookup_res_t new_par_lr;
        fibril_rwlock_write_lock(&namespace_rwlock);
        
        /* Lookup the node belonging to the old file name. */
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, oldc, L_NONE, &old_lr);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        vfs_node_t *old_node = vfs_node_get(&old_lr);
        if (!old_node) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Determine the path to the parent of the node with the new name. */
        char *parentc = str_dup(newc);
        if (!parentc) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        char *lastsl = str_rchr(parentc + 1, '/');
        if (lastsl)
                *lastsl = '\0';
        else
                parentc[1] = '\0';
        
        /* Lookup parent of the new file name. */
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, parentc, L_NONE, &new_par_lr);
        free(parentc);  /* not needed anymore */
        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Check whether linking to the same file system instance. */
        if ((old_node->fs_handle != new_par_lr.triplet.fs_handle) ||
            (old_node->service_id != new_par_lr.triplet.service_id)) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, EXDEV);     /* different file systems */
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Destroy the old link for the new name. */
        vfs_node_t *new_node = NULL;
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, newc, L_UNLINK, &new_lr);
        
        switch (rc) {
        case ENOENT:
                /* simply not in our way */
                break;
        case EOK:
                new_node = vfs_node_get(&new_lr);
                if (!new_node) {
                        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                        vfs_node_put(old_node);
                        async_answer_0(rid, ENOMEM);
                        free(old);
                        free(new);
                        return;
                }
                fibril_mutex_lock(&nodes_mutex);
                new_node->lnkcnt--;
                fibril_mutex_unlock(&nodes_mutex);
                break;
        default:
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, ENOTEMPTY);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Create the new link for the new name. */
        rc = vfs_link_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, newc, (vfs_triplet_t *) old_node);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                if (new_node)
                        vfs_node_put(new_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        fibril_mutex_lock(&nodes_mutex);
        old_node->lnkcnt++;
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&nodes_mutex);
        
        /* Destroy the link for the old name. */
        rc = vfs_lookup_internal((vfs_triplet_t *) root, oldc, L_UNLINK, NULL);
        if (rc != EOK) {
                fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
                vfs_node_put(old_node);
                if (new_node)
                        vfs_node_put(new_node);
                async_answer_0(rid, rc);
                free(old);
                free(new);
                return;
        }
        
        fibril_mutex_lock(&nodes_mutex);
        old_node->lnkcnt--;
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&nodes_mutex);
        fibril_rwlock_write_unlock(&namespace_rwlock);
        vfs_node_put(old_node);
        
        if (new_node)
                vfs_node_put(new_node);
        
        free(old);
        free(new);
        async_answer_0(rid, EOK);
}

void vfs_dup(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int oldfd = IPC_GET_ARG1(*request);
        int newfd = IPC_GET_ARG2(*request);
        
        /* If the file descriptors are the same, do nothing. */
        if (oldfd == newfd) {
                async_answer_1(rid, EOK, newfd);
                return;
        }
        
        /* Lookup the file structure corresponding to oldfd. */
        vfs_file_t *oldfile = vfs_file_get(oldfd);
        if (!oldfile) {
                async_answer_0(rid, EBADF);
                return;
        }
        
        /*
         * Lock the open file structure so that no other thread can manipulate
         * the same open file at a time.
         */
        fibril_mutex_lock(&oldfile->lock);
        
        /* Make sure newfd is closed. */
        (void) vfs_fd_free(newfd);
        
        /* Assign the old file to newfd. */
        int ret = vfs_fd_assign(oldfile, newfd);
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&oldfile->lock);
        vfs_file_put(oldfile);
        
        if (ret != EOK)
                async_answer_0(rid, ret);
        else
                async_answer_1(rid, EOK, newfd);
}

void vfs_wait_handle(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        int fd = vfs_wait_handle_internal();
        async_answer_1(rid, EOK, fd);
}

void vfs_get_mtab(ipc_callid_t rid, ipc_call_t *request)
{
        ipc_callid_t callid;
        ipc_call_t data;
        sysarg_t rc = EOK;
        size_t len;

        fibril_mutex_lock(&mtab_list_lock);

        /* Send to the caller the number of mounted filesystems */
        callid = async_get_call(&data);
        if (IPC_GET_IMETHOD(data) != VFS_IN_PING) {
                rc = ENOTSUP;
                async_answer_0(callid, rc);
                goto exit;
        }
        async_answer_1(callid, EOK, mtab_size);

        list_foreach(mtab_list, cur) {
                mtab_ent_t *mtab_ent = list_get_instance(cur, mtab_ent_t,
                    link);

                rc = ENOTSUP;

                if (!async_data_read_receive(&callid, &len)) {
                        async_answer_0(callid, rc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                (void) async_data_read_finalize(callid, mtab_ent->mp,
                    str_size(mtab_ent->mp));

                if (!async_data_read_receive(&callid, &len)) {
                        async_answer_0(callid, rc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                (void) async_data_read_finalize(callid, mtab_ent->opts,
                    str_size(mtab_ent->opts));

                if (!async_data_read_receive(&callid, &len)) {
                        async_answer_0(callid, rc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                (void) async_data_read_finalize(callid, mtab_ent->fs_name,
                    str_size(mtab_ent->fs_name));

                callid = async_get_call(&data);

                if (IPC_GET_IMETHOD(data) != VFS_IN_PING) {
                        async_answer_0(callid, rc);
                        goto exit;
                }

                rc = EOK;
                async_answer_2(callid, rc, mtab_ent->instance,
                    mtab_ent->service_id);
        }

exit:
        fibril_mutex_unlock(&mtab_list_lock);
        async_answer_0(rid, rc);
}

/**
 * @}
 */