source: mainline/uspace/lib/posix/source/string.c@ acdb5bac

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Petr Koupy
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Jiri Zarevucky
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/** @addtogroup libposix
 * @{
 */
/** @file String manipulation.
 */

#define LIBPOSIX_INTERNAL

#include "internal/common.h"
#include "posix/string.h"

#include "posix/assert.h"
#include "posix/errno.h"
#include "posix/limits.h"
#include "posix/stdlib.h"
#include "posix/signal.h"

#include "libc/str_error.h"

/**
 * The same as strpbrk, except it returns pointer to the nul terminator
 * if no occurence is found.
 *
 * @param s1 String in which to look for the bytes.
 * @param s2 String of bytes to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the found byte on success, pointer to the
 *     string terminator otherwise.
 */
static char *strpbrk_null(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        while (!posix_strchr(s2, *s1)) {
                ++s1;
        }
        
        return (char *) s1;
}

/**
 * Copy a string.
 *
 * @param dest Destination pre-allocated buffer.
 * @param src Source string to be copied.
 * @return Pointer to the destination buffer.
 */
char *posix_strcpy(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src)
{
        posix_stpcpy(dest, src);
        return dest;
}

/**
 * Copy fixed length string.
 *
 * @param dest Destination pre-allocated buffer.
 * @param src Source string to be copied.
 * @param n Number of bytes to be stored into destination buffer.
 * @return Pointer to the destination buffer.
 */
char *posix_strncpy(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src, size_t n)
{
        posix_stpncpy(dest, src, n);
        return dest;
}

/**
 * Copy a string.
 *
 * @param dest Destination pre-allocated buffer.
 * @param src Source string to be copied.
 * @return Pointer to the nul character in the destination string.
 */
char *posix_stpcpy(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src)
{
        assert(dest != NULL);
        assert(src != NULL);

        for (size_t i = 0; ; ++i) {
                dest[i] = src[i];
                
                if (src[i] == '\0') {
                        /* pointer to the terminating nul character */
                        return &dest[i];
                }
        }
        
        /* unreachable */
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Copy fixed length string.
 *
 * @param dest Destination pre-allocated buffer.
 * @param src Source string to be copied.
 * @param n Number of bytes to be stored into destination buffer.
 * @return Pointer to the first written nul character or &dest[n].
 */
char *posix_stpncpy(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src, size_t n)
{
        assert(dest != NULL);
        assert(src != NULL);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                dest[i] = src[i];
        
                /* the standard requires that nul characters
                 * are appended to the length of n, in case src is shorter
                 */
                if (src[i] == '\0') {
                        char *result = &dest[i];
                        for (++i; i < n; ++i) {
                                dest[i] = '\0';
                        }
                        return result;
                }
        }
        
        return &dest[n];
}

/**
 * Concatenate two strings.
 *
 * @param dest String to which src shall be appended.
 * @param src String to be appended after dest.
 * @return Pointer to destination buffer.
 */
char *posix_strcat(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src)
{
        assert(dest != NULL);
        assert(src != NULL);

        posix_strcpy(posix_strchr(dest, '\0'), src);
        return dest;
}

/**
 * Concatenate a string with part of another.
 *
 * @param dest String to which part of src shall be appended.
 * @param src String whose part shall be appended after dest.
 * @param n Number of bytes to append after dest.
 * @return Pointer to destination buffer.
 */
char *posix_strncat(char *restrict dest, const char *restrict src, size_t n)
{
        assert(dest != NULL);
        assert(src != NULL);

        char *zeroptr = posix_strncpy(posix_strchr(dest, '\0'), src, n);
        /* strncpy doesn't append the nul terminator, so we do it here */
        zeroptr[n] = '\0';
        return dest;
}

/**
 * Copy limited number of bytes in memory.
 *
 * @param dest Destination buffer.
 * @param src Source buffer.
 * @param c Character after which the copying shall stop.
 * @param n Number of bytes that shall be copied if not stopped earlier by c.
 * @return Pointer to the first byte after c in dest if found, NULL otherwise.
 */
void *posix_memccpy(void *restrict dest, const void *restrict src, int c, size_t n)
{
        assert(dest != NULL);
        assert(src != NULL);
        
        unsigned char* bdest = dest;
        const unsigned char* bsrc = src;
        
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                bdest[i] = bsrc[i];
        
                if (bsrc[i] == (unsigned char) c) {
                        /* pointer to the next byte */
                        return &bdest[i + 1];
                }
        }
        
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Duplicate a string.
 *
 * @param s String to be duplicated.
 * @return Newly allocated copy of the string.
 */
char *posix_strdup(const char *s)
{
        return posix_strndup(s, SIZE_MAX);
}

/**
 * Duplicate a specific number of bytes from a string.
 *
 * @param s String to be duplicated.
 * @param n Maximum length of the resulting string..
 * @return Newly allocated string copy of length at most n.
 */
char *posix_strndup(const char *s, size_t n)
{
        assert(s != NULL);

        size_t len = posix_strnlen(s, n);
        char *dup = malloc(len + 1);
        if (dup == NULL) {
                return NULL;
        }

        memcpy(dup, s, len);
        dup[len] = '\0';

        return dup;
}

/**
 * Compare bytes in memory.
 *
 * @param mem1 First area of memory to be compared.
 * @param mem2 Second area of memory to be compared.
 * @param n Maximum number of bytes to be compared.
 * @return Difference of the first pair of inequal bytes,
 *     or 0 if areas have the same content.
 */
int posix_memcmp(const void *mem1, const void *mem2, size_t n)
{
        assert(mem1 != NULL);
        assert(mem2 != NULL);

        const unsigned char *s1 = mem1;
        const unsigned char *s2 = mem2;
        
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (s1[i] != s2[i]) {
                        return s1[i] - s2[i];
                }
        }
        
        return 0;
}

/**
 * Compare two strings.
 *
 * @param s1 First string to be compared.
 * @param s2 Second string to be compared.
 * @return Difference of the first pair of inequal characters,
 *     or 0 if strings have the same content.
 */
int posix_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        return posix_strncmp(s1, s2, STR_NO_LIMIT);
}

/**
 * Compare part of two strings.
 *
 * @param s1 First string to be compared.
 * @param s2 Second string to be compared.
 * @param n Maximum number of characters to be compared.
 * @return Difference of the first pair of inequal characters,
 *     or 0 if strings have the same content.
 */
int posix_strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (s1[i] != s2[i]) {
                        return s1[i] - s2[i];
                }
                if (s1[i] == '\0') {
                        break;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Find byte in memory.
 *
 * @param mem Memory area in which to look for the byte.
 * @param c Byte to look for.
 * @param n Maximum number of bytes to be inspected.
 * @return Pointer to the specified byte on success,
 *     NULL pointer otherwise.
 */
void *posix_memchr(const void *mem, int c, size_t n)
{
        assert(mem != NULL);
        
        const unsigned char *s = mem;
        
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                if (s[i] == (unsigned char) c) {
                        return (void *) &s[i];
                }
        }
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Scan string for a first occurence of a character.
 *
 * @param s String in which to look for the character.
 * @param c Character to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the specified character on success,
 *     NULL pointer otherwise.
 */
char *posix_strchr(const char *s, int c)
{
        assert(s != NULL);
        
        char *res = gnu_strchrnul(s, c);
        return (*res == c) ? res : NULL;
}

/**
 * Scan string for a last occurence of a character.
 *
 * @param s String in which to look for the character.
 * @param c Character to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the specified character on success,
 *     NULL pointer otherwise.
 */
char *posix_strrchr(const char *s, int c)
{
        assert(s != NULL);
        
        const char *ptr = posix_strchr(s, '\0');
        
        /* the same as in strchr, except it loops in reverse direction */
        while (*ptr != (char) c) {
                if (ptr == s) {
                        return NULL;
                }

                ptr--;
        }

        return (char *) ptr;
}

/**
 * Scan string for a first occurence of a character.
 *
 * @param s String in which to look for the character.
 * @param c Character to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the specified character on success, pointer to the
 *     string terminator otherwise.
 */
char *gnu_strchrnul(const char *s, int c)
{
        assert(s != NULL);
        
        while (*s != c && *s != '\0') {
                s++;
        }
        
        return (char *) s;
}

/**
 * Scan a string for a first occurence of one of provided bytes.
 *
 * @param s1 String in which to look for the bytes.
 * @param s2 String of bytes to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the found byte on success,
 *     NULL pointer otherwise.
 */
char *posix_strpbrk(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        char *ptr = strpbrk_null(s1, s2);
        return (*ptr == '\0') ? NULL : ptr;
}

/**
 * Get the length of a complementary substring.
 *
 * @param s1 String that shall be searched for complementary prefix.
 * @param s2 String of bytes that shall not occur in the prefix.
 * @return Length of the prefix.
 */
size_t posix_strcspn(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        char *ptr = strpbrk_null(s1, s2);
        return (size_t) (ptr - s1);
}

/**
 * Get length of a substring.
 *
 * @param s1 String that shall be searched for prefix.
 * @param s2 String of bytes that the prefix must consist of.
 * @return Length of the prefix.
 */
size_t posix_strspn(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        const char *ptr;
        for (ptr = s1; *ptr != '\0'; ++ptr) {
                if (!posix_strchr(s2, *ptr)) {
                        break;
                }
        }
        return ptr - s1;
}

/**
 * Find a substring. Uses Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm.
 *
 * @param s1 String in which to look for a substring.
 * @param s2 Substring to look for.
 * @return Pointer to the first character of the substring in s1, or NULL if
 *     not found.
 */
char *posix_strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
{
        assert(haystack != NULL);
        assert(needle != NULL);
        
        /* Special case - needle is an empty string. */
        if (needle[0] == '\0') {
                return (char *) haystack;
        }
        
        /* Preprocess needle. */
        size_t nlen = posix_strlen(needle);
        size_t prefix_table[nlen + 1];
        
        {
                size_t i = 0;
                ssize_t j = -1;
                
                prefix_table[i] = j;
                
                while (i < nlen) {
                        while (j >= 0 && needle[i] != needle[j]) {
                                j = prefix_table[j];
                        }
                        i++; j++;
                        prefix_table[i] = j;
                }
        }
        
        /* Search needle using the precomputed table. */
        size_t npos = 0;
        
        for (size_t hpos = 0; haystack[hpos] != '\0'; ++hpos) {
                while (npos != 0 && haystack[hpos] != needle[npos]) {
                        npos = prefix_table[npos];
                }
                
                if (haystack[hpos] == needle[npos]) {
                        npos++;
                        
                        if (npos == nlen) {
                                return (char *) (haystack + hpos - nlen + 1);
                        }
                }
        }
        
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * String comparison using collating information.
 *
 * Currently ignores locale and just calls strcmp.
 *
 * @param s1 First string to be compared.
 * @param s2 Second string to be compared.
 * @return Difference of the first pair of inequal characters,
 *     or 0 if strings have the same content.
 */
int posix_strcoll(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        return posix_strcmp(s1, s2);
}

/**
 * Transform a string in such a way that the resulting string yields the same
 * results when passed to the strcmp as if the original string is passed to
 * the strcoll.
 *
 * Since strcoll is equal to strcmp here, this just makes a copy.
 *
 * @param s1 Transformed string.
 * @param s2 Original string.
 * @param n Maximum length of the transformed string.
 * @return Length of the transformed string.
 */
size_t posix_strxfrm(char *restrict s1, const char *restrict s2, size_t n)
{
        assert(s1 != NULL || n == 0);
        assert(s2 != NULL);

        size_t len = posix_strlen(s2);

        if (n > len) {
                posix_strcpy(s1, s2);
        }

        return len;
}

/**
 * Get error message string.
 *
 * @param errnum Error code for which to obtain human readable string.
 * @return Error message.
 */
char *posix_strerror(int errnum)
{
        static const char *error_msgs[] = {
                [E2BIG] = "[E2BIG] Argument list too long",
                [EACCES] = "[EACCES] Permission denied",
                [EADDRINUSE] = "[EADDRINUSE] Address in use",
                [EADDRNOTAVAIL] = "[EADDRNOTAVAIL] Address not available",
                [EAFNOSUPPORT] = "[EAFNOSUPPORT] Address family not supported",
                [EAGAIN] = "[EAGAIN] Resource unavailable, try again",
                [EALREADY] = "[EALREADY] Connection already in progress",
                [EBADF] = "[EBADF] Bad file descriptor",
                [EBADMSG] = "[EBADMSG] Bad message",
                [EBUSY] = "[EBUSY] Device or resource busy",
                [ECANCELED] = "[ECANCELED] Operation canceled",
                [ECHILD] = "[ECHILD] No child processes",
                [ECONNABORTED] = "[ECONNABORTED] Connection aborted",
                [ECONNREFUSED] = "[ECONNREFUSED] Connection refused",
                [ECONNRESET] = "[ECONNRESET] Connection reset",
                [EDEADLK] = "[EDEADLK] Resource deadlock would occur",
                [EDESTADDRREQ] = "[EDESTADDRREQ] Destination address required",
                [EDOM] = "[EDOM] Mathematics argument out of domain of function",
                [EDQUOT] = "[EDQUOT] Reserved",
                [EEXIST] = "[EEXIST] File exists",
                [EFAULT] = "[EFAULT] Bad address",
                [EFBIG] = "[EFBIG] File too large",
                [EHOSTUNREACH] = "[EHOSTUNREACH] Host is unreachable",
                [EIDRM] = "[EIDRM] Identifier removed",
                [EILSEQ] = "[EILSEQ] Illegal byte sequence",
                [EINPROGRESS] = "[EINPROGRESS] Operation in progress",
                [EINTR] = "[EINTR] Interrupted function",
                [EINVAL] = "[EINVAL] Invalid argument",
                [EIO] = "[EIO] I/O error",
                [EISCONN] = "[EISCONN] Socket is connected",
                [EISDIR] = "[EISDIR] Is a directory",
                [ELOOP] = "[ELOOP] Too many levels of symbolic links",
                [EMFILE] = "[EMFILE] File descriptor value too large",
                [EMLINK] = "[EMLINK] Too many links",
                [EMSGSIZE] = "[EMSGSIZE] Message too large",
                [EMULTIHOP] = "[EMULTIHOP] Reserved",
                [ENAMETOOLONG] = "[ENAMETOOLONG] Filename too long",
                [ENETDOWN] = "[ENETDOWN] Network is down",
                [ENETRESET] = "[ENETRESET] Connection aborted by network",
                [ENETUNREACH] = "[ENETUNREACH] Network unreachable",
                [ENFILE] = "[ENFILE] Too many files open in system",
                [ENOBUFS] = "[ENOBUFS] No buffer space available",
                [ENODATA] = "[ENODATA] No message is available on the STREAM head read queue",
                [ENODEV] = "[ENODEV] No such device",
                [ENOENT] = "[ENOENT] No such file or directory",
                [ENOEXEC] = "[ENOEXEC] Executable file format error",
                [ENOLCK] = "[ENOLCK] No locks available",
                [ENOLINK] = "[ENOLINK] Reserved",
                [ENOMEM] = "[ENOMEM] Not enough space",
                [ENOMSG] = "[ENOMSG] No message of the desired type",
                [ENOPROTOOPT] = "[ENOPROTOOPT] Protocol not available",
                [ENOSPC] = "[ENOSPC] No space left on device",
                [ENOSR] = "[ENOSR] No STREAM resources.",
                [ENOSTR] = "[ENOSTR] Not a STREAM",
                [ENOSYS] = "[ENOSYS] Function not supported",
                [ENOTCONN] = "[ENOTCONN] The socket is not connected",
                [ENOTDIR] = "[ENOTDIR] Not a directory",
                [ENOTEMPTY] = "[ENOTEMPTY] Directory not empty",
                [ENOTRECOVERABLE] = "[ENOTRECOVERABLE] State not recoverable",
                [ENOTSOCK] = "[ENOTSOCK] Not a socket",
                [ENOTSUP] = "[ENOTSUP] Not supported",
                [ENOTTY] = "[ENOTTY] Inappropriate I/O control operation",
                [ENXIO] = "[ENXIO] No such device or address",
                [EOPNOTSUPP] = "[EOPNOTSUPP] Operation not supported",
                [EOVERFLOW] = "[EOVERFLOW] Value too large to be stored in data type",
                [EOWNERDEAD] = "[EOWNERDEAD] Previous owned died",
                [EPERM] = "[EPERM] Operation not permitted",
                [EPIPE] = "[EPIPE] Broken pipe",
                [EPROTO] = "[EPROTO] Protocol error",
                [EPROTONOSUPPORT] = "[EPROTONOSUPPORT] Protocol not supported",
                [EPROTOTYPE] = "[EPROTOTYPE] Protocol wrong type for socket",
                [ERANGE] = "[ERANGE] Result too large",
                [EROFS] = "[EROFS] Read-only file system",
                [ESPIPE] = "[ESPIPE] Invalid seek",
                [ESRCH] = "[ESRCH] No such process",
                [ESTALE] = "[ESTALE] Reserved",
                [ETIME] = "[ETIME] Stream ioctl() timeout",
                [ETIMEDOUT] = "[ETIMEDOUT] Connection timed out",
                [ETXTBSY] = "[ETXTBSY] Text file busy",
                [EWOULDBLOCK] = "[EWOULDBLOCK] Operation would block",
                [EXDEV] = "[EXDEV] Cross-device link",
        };

        return (char *) error_msgs[posix_abs(errnum)];
}

/**
 * Get error message string.
 *
 * @param errnum Error code for which to obtain human readable string.
 * @param buf Buffer to store a human readable string to.
 * @param bufsz Size of buffer pointed to by buf.
 * @return Zero on success, errno otherwise.
 */
int posix_strerror_r(int errnum, char *buf, size_t bufsz)
{
        assert(buf != NULL);
        
        char *errstr = posix_strerror(errnum);
        
        if (posix_strlen(errstr) + 1 > bufsz) {
                return ERANGE;
        } else {
                posix_strcpy(buf, errstr);
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Get length of the string.
 *
 * @param s String which length shall be determined.
 * @return Length of the string.
 */
size_t posix_strlen(const char *s)
{
        assert(s != NULL);
        
        return (size_t) (posix_strchr(s, '\0') - s);
}

/**
 * Get limited length of the string.
 *
 * @param s String which length shall be determined.
 * @param n Maximum number of bytes that can be examined to determine length.
 * @return The lower of either string length or n limit.
 */
size_t posix_strnlen(const char *s, size_t n)
{
        assert(s != NULL);
        
        for (size_t sz = 0; sz < n; ++sz) {
                
                if (s[sz] == '\0') {
                        return sz;
                }
        }
        
        return n;
}

/**
 * Get description of a signal.
 *
 * @param signum Signal number.
 * @return Human readable signal description.
 */
char *posix_strsignal(int signum)
{
        static const char *const sigstrings[] = {
                [SIGABRT] = "SIGABRT (Process abort signal)",
                [SIGALRM] = "SIGALRM (Alarm clock)",
                [SIGBUS] = "SIGBUS (Access to an undefined portion of a memory object)",
                [SIGCHLD] = "SIGCHLD (Child process terminated, stopped, or continued)",
                [SIGCONT] = "SIGCONT (Continue executing, if stopped)",
                [SIGFPE] = "SIGFPE (Erroneous arithmetic operation)",
                [SIGHUP] = "SIGHUP (Hangup)",
                [SIGILL] = "SIGILL (Illegal instruction)",
                [SIGINT] = "SIGINT (Terminal interrupt signal)",
                [SIGKILL] = "SIGKILL (Kill process)",
                [SIGPIPE] = "SIGPIPE (Write on a pipe with no one to read it)",
                [SIGQUIT] = "SIGQUIT (Terminal quit signal)",
                [SIGSEGV] = "SIGSEGV (Invalid memory reference)",
                [SIGSTOP] = "SIGSTOP (Stop executing)",
                [SIGTERM] = "SIGTERM (Termination signal)",
                [SIGTSTP] = "SIGTSTP (Terminal stop signal)",
                [SIGTTIN] = "SIGTTIN (Background process attempting read)",
                [SIGTTOU] = "SIGTTOU (Background process attempting write)",
                [SIGUSR1] = "SIGUSR1 (User-defined signal 1)",
                [SIGUSR2] = "SIGUSR2 (User-defined signal 2)",
                [SIGPOLL] = "SIGPOLL (Pollable event)",
                [SIGPROF] = "SIGPROF (Profiling timer expired)",
                [SIGSYS] = "SIGSYS (Bad system call)",
                [SIGTRAP] = "SIGTRAP (Trace/breakpoint trap)",
                [SIGURG] = "SIGURG (High bandwidth data is available at a socket)",
                [SIGVTALRM] = "SIGVTALRM (Virtual timer expired)",
                [SIGXCPU] = "SIGXCPU (CPU time limit exceeded)",
                [SIGXFSZ] = "SIGXFSZ (File size limit exceeded)"
        };

        if (signum <= _TOP_SIGNAL) {
                return (char *) sigstrings[signum];
        }

        return (char *) "ERROR, Invalid signal number";
}

/** @}
 */