| 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
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| 2 | #
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| 3 | # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2008 Martin Decky
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| 4 | #
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| 5 | # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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| 6 | #
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| 7 |
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| 8 | """
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| 9 | FAT creator
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| 10 | """
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| 11 |
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| 12 | import sys
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| 13 | import os
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| 14 | import random
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| 15 | import xstruct
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| 16 | import array
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| 17 | from imgutil import *
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| 18 |
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| 19 | def subtree_size(root, cluster_size, dirent_size):
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| 20 | "Recursive directory walk and calculate size"
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| 21 |
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| 22 | size = 0
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| 23 | files = 2
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| 24 |
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| 25 | for item in listdir_items(root):
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| 26 | if item.is_file:
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| 27 | size += align_up(item.size, cluster_size)
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| 28 | files += 1
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| 29 | elif item.is_dir:
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| 30 | size += subtree_size(item.path, cluster_size, dirent_size)
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| 31 | files += 1
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| 32 |
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| 33 | return size + align_up(files * dirent_size, cluster_size)
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| 34 |
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| 35 | def root_entries(root):
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| 36 | "Return number of root directory entries"
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| 37 |
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| 38 | return len(os.listdir(root))
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| 39 |
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| 40 | def write_file(item, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters):
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| 41 | "Store the contents of a file"
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| 42 |
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| 43 | prev = -1
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| 44 | first = 0
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| 45 |
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| 46 | for data in chunks(item, cluster_size):
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| 47 | empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
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| 48 | fat[empty_cluster] = 0xffff
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| 49 |
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| 50 | if (prev != -1):
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| 51 | fat[prev] = empty_cluster
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| 52 | else:
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| 53 | first = empty_cluster
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| 54 |
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| 55 | prev = empty_cluster
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| 56 |
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| 57 | outf.seek(data_start + (empty_cluster - reserved_clusters) * cluster_size)
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| 58 | outf.write(data)
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| 59 |
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| 60 | return first, item.size
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| 61 |
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| 62 | def write_directory(directory, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster):
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| 63 | "Store the contents of a directory"
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| 64 |
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| 65 | length = len(directory)
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| 66 | size = length * dirent_size
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| 67 | prev = -1
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| 68 | first = 0
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| 69 |
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| 70 | i = 0
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| 71 | rd = 0;
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| 72 | while (rd < size):
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| 73 | if (prev != -1):
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| 74 | empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
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| 75 | fat[empty_cluster] = 0xffff
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| 76 | fat[prev] = empty_cluster
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| 77 | else:
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| 78 | first = empty_cluster
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| 79 |
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| 80 | prev = empty_cluster
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| 81 |
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| 82 | data = bytes()
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| 83 | data_len = 0
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| 84 | while ((i < length) and (data_len < cluster_size)):
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| 85 | if (i == 0):
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| 86 | directory[i].cluster = empty_cluster
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| 87 |
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| 88 | data += directory[i].pack()
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| 89 | data_len += dirent_size
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| 90 | i += 1
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| 91 |
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| 92 | outf.seek(data_start + (empty_cluster - reserved_clusters) * cluster_size)
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| 93 | outf.write(data)
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| 94 | rd += len(data)
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| 95 |
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| 96 | return first, size
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| 97 |
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| 98 | DIR_ENTRY = """little:
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| 99 | char name[8] /* file name */
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| 100 | char ext[3] /* file extension */
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| 101 | uint8_t attr /* file attributes */
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| 102 | uint8_t lcase /* file name case (NT extension) */
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| 103 | uint8_t ctime_fine /* create time (fine resolution) */
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| 104 | uint16_t ctime /* create time */
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| 105 | uint16_t cdate /* create date */
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| 106 | uint16_t adate /* access date */
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| 107 | padding[2] /* EA-index */
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| 108 | uint16_t mtime /* modification time */
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| 109 | uint16_t mdate /* modification date */
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| 110 | uint16_t cluster /* first cluster */
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| 111 | uint32_t size /* file size */
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| 112 | """
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| 113 |
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| 114 | DOT_DIR_ENTRY = """little:
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| 115 | uint8_t signature /* 0x2e signature */
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| 116 | char name[7] /* empty */
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| 117 | char ext[3] /* empty */
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| 118 | uint8_t attr /* file attributes */
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| 119 | padding[1] /* reserved for NT */
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| 120 | uint8_t ctime_fine /* create time (fine resolution) */
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| 121 | uint16_t ctime /* create time */
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| 122 | uint16_t cdate /* create date */
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| 123 | uint16_t adate /* access date */
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| 124 | padding[2] /* EA-index */
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| 125 | uint16_t mtime /* modification time */
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| 126 | uint16_t mdate /* modification date */
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| 127 | uint16_t cluster /* first cluster */
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| 128 | uint32_t size /* file size */
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| 129 | """
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| 130 |
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| 131 | DOTDOT_DIR_ENTRY = """little:
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| 132 | uint8_t signature[2] /* 0x2e signature */
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| 133 | char name[6] /* empty */
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| 134 | char ext[3] /* empty */
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| 135 | uint8_t attr /* file attributes */
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| 136 | padding[1] /* reserved for NT */
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| 137 | uint8_t ctime_fine /* create time (fine resolution) */
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| 138 | uint16_t ctime /* create time */
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| 139 | uint16_t cdate /* create date */
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| 140 | uint16_t adate /* access date */
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| 141 | padding[2] /* EA-index */
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| 142 | uint16_t mtime /* modification time */
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| 143 | uint16_t mdate /* modification date */
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| 144 | uint16_t cluster /* first cluster */
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| 145 | uint32_t size /* file size */
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| 146 | """
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| 147 |
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| 148 | LFN_DIR_ENTRY = """little:
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| 149 | uint8_t seq /* sequence number */
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| 150 | char name1[10] /* first part of the name */
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| 151 | uint8_t attr /* attributes */
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| 152 | uint8_t rec_type /* LFN record type */
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| 153 | uint8_t checksum /* LFN checksum */
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| 154 | char name2[12] /* second part of the name */
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| 155 | uint16_t cluster /* cluster */
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| 156 | char name3[4] /* third part of the name */
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| 157 | """
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| 158 |
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| 159 | lchars = set(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
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| 160 | 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T',
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| 161 | 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z',
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| 162 | '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
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| 163 | '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '\'', '(', ')', '-', '@',
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| 164 | '^', '_', '`', '{', '}', '~', '.'])
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| 165 |
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| 166 | def fat_lchars(name):
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| 167 | "Filter FAT legal characters"
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| 168 |
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| 169 | filtered_name = b''
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| 170 | filtered = False
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| 171 |
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| 172 | for char in name.encode('ascii', 'replace').upper():
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| 173 | if chr(char) in lchars:
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| 174 | filtered_name += str.encode(chr(char))
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| 175 | else:
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| 176 | filtered_name += b'_'
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| 177 | filtered = True
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| 178 |
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| 179 | return (filtered_name, filtered)
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| 180 |
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| 181 | def fat_name83(name, name83_list):
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| 182 | "Create a 8.3 name for the given name"
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| 183 |
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| 184 | ascii_name, lfn = fat_lchars(name)
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| 185 | # Splitting works only on strings, not on bytes
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| 186 | ascii_parts = ascii_name.decode('utf8').split('.')
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| 187 |
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| 188 | short_name = ''
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| 189 | short_ext = ''
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| 190 |
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| 191 | if len(ascii_name) > 11:
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| 192 | lfn = True
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| 193 |
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| 194 | if len(ascii_parts) > 0:
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| 195 | short_name = ascii_parts[0]
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| 196 | if len(short_name) > 8:
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| 197 | lfn = True
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| 198 |
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| 199 | if len(ascii_parts) > 1:
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| 200 | short_ext = ascii_parts[-1]
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| 201 | if len(short_ext) > 3:
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| 202 | lfn = True
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| 203 |
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| 204 | if len(ascii_parts) > 2:
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| 205 | lfn = True
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| 206 |
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| 207 | if lfn == False:
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| 208 | name83_list.append(short_name + '.' + short_ext)
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| 209 | return (short_name.ljust(8)[0:8], short_ext.ljust(3)[0:3], False)
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| 210 |
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| 211 | # For filenames with multiple extensions, we treat the last one
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| 212 | # as the actual extension. The rest of the filename is stripped
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| 213 | # of dots and concatenated to form the short name
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| 214 | for part in ascii_parts[1:-1]:
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| 215 | short_name += part
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| 216 |
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| 217 | for number in range(1, 999999):
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| 218 | number_str = ('~' + str(number)).upper()
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| 219 |
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| 220 | if len(short_name) + len(number_str) > 8:
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| 221 | short_name = short_name[0:8 - len(number_str)]
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| 222 |
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| 223 | short_name += number_str;
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| 224 |
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| 225 | if not (short_name + '.' + short_ext) in name83_list:
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| 226 | break
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| 227 |
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| 228 | name83_list.append(short_name + '.' + short_ext)
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| 229 | return (short_name.ljust(8)[0:8], short_ext.ljust(3)[0:3], True)
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| 230 |
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| 231 | def create_lfn_dirent(name, seq, checksum):
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| 232 | "Create LFN directory entry"
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| 233 |
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| 234 | entry = xstruct.create(LFN_DIR_ENTRY)
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| 235 | name_rest = name[26:]
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| 236 |
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| 237 | if len(name_rest) > 0:
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| 238 | entry.seq = seq
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| 239 | else:
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| 240 | entry.seq = seq | 0x40
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| 241 |
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| 242 | entry.name1 = name[0:10]
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| 243 | entry.name2 = name[10:22]
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| 244 | entry.name3 = name[22:26]
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| 245 |
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| 246 | entry.attr = 0x0F
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| 247 | entry.rec_type = 0
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| 248 | entry.checksum = checksum
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| 249 | entry.cluster = 0
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| 250 |
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| 251 | return (entry, name_rest)
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| 252 |
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| 253 | def lfn_checksum(name):
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| 254 | "Calculate LFN checksum"
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| 255 |
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| 256 | checksum = 0
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| 257 | for i in range(0, 11):
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| 258 | checksum = (((checksum & 1) << 7) + (checksum >> 1) + ord(name[i])) & 0xFF
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| 259 |
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| 260 | return checksum
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| 261 |
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| 262 | def create_dirent(name, name83_list, directory, cluster, size):
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| 263 | short_name, short_ext, lfn = fat_name83(name, name83_list)
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| 264 |
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| 265 | dir_entry = xstruct.create(DIR_ENTRY)
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| 266 |
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| 267 | dir_entry.name = short_name
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| 268 | dir_entry.ext = short_ext
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| 269 |
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| 270 | if (directory):
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| 271 | dir_entry.attr = 0x30
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| 272 | else:
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| 273 | dir_entry.attr = 0x20
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| 274 |
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| 275 | dir_entry.lcase = 0x18
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| 276 | dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
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| 277 | dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
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| 278 | dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 279 | dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
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| 280 | dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
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| 281 | dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 282 | dir_entry.cluster = cluster
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| 283 |
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| 284 | if (directory):
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| 285 | dir_entry.size = 0
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| 286 | else:
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| 287 | dir_entry.size = size
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| 288 |
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| 289 | if not lfn:
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| 290 | return [dir_entry]
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| 291 |
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| 292 | long_name = name.encode('utf_16_le')
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| 293 | entries = [dir_entry]
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| 294 |
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| 295 | seq = 1
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| 296 | checksum = lfn_checksum(dir_entry.name + dir_entry.ext)
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| 297 |
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| 298 | while len(long_name) > 0:
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| 299 | long_entry, long_name = create_lfn_dirent(long_name, seq, checksum)
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| 300 | entries.append(long_entry)
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| 301 | seq += 1
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| 302 |
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| 303 | entries.reverse()
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| 304 | return entries
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| 305 |
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| 306 | def create_dot_dirent(empty_cluster):
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| 307 | dir_entry = xstruct.create(DOT_DIR_ENTRY)
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| 308 |
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| 309 | dir_entry.signature = 0x2e
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| 310 | dir_entry.name = b' '
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| 311 | dir_entry.ext = b' '
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| 312 | dir_entry.attr = 0x10
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| 313 |
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| 314 | dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
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| 315 | dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
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| 316 | dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 317 | dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
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| 318 | dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
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| 319 | dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 320 | dir_entry.cluster = empty_cluster
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| 321 | dir_entry.size = 0
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| 322 |
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| 323 | return dir_entry
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| 324 |
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| 325 | def create_dotdot_dirent(parent_cluster):
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| 326 | dir_entry = xstruct.create(DOTDOT_DIR_ENTRY)
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| 327 |
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| 328 | dir_entry.signature = [0x2e, 0x2e]
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| 329 | dir_entry.name = b' '
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| 330 | dir_entry.ext = b' '
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| 331 | dir_entry.attr = 0x10
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| 332 |
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| 333 | dir_entry.ctime_fine = 0 # FIXME
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| 334 | dir_entry.ctime = 0 # FIXME
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| 335 | dir_entry.cdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 336 | dir_entry.adate = 0 # FIXME
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| 337 | dir_entry.mtime = 0 # FIXME
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| 338 | dir_entry.mdate = 0 # FIXME
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| 339 | dir_entry.cluster = parent_cluster
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| 340 | dir_entry.size = 0
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| 341 |
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| 342 | return dir_entry
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| 343 |
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| 344 | def recursion(head, root, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, parent_cluster):
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| 345 | "Recursive directory walk"
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| 346 |
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| 347 | directory = []
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| 348 | name83_list = []
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| 349 |
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| 350 | if not head:
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| 351 | # Directory cluster preallocation
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| 352 | empty_cluster = fat.index(0)
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| 353 | fat[empty_cluster] = 0xFFFF
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| 354 |
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| 355 | directory.append(create_dot_dirent(empty_cluster))
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| 356 | directory.append(create_dotdot_dirent(parent_cluster))
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| 357 | else:
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| 358 | empty_cluster = 0
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| 359 |
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| 360 | for item in listdir_items(root):
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| 361 | if item.is_file:
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| 362 | rv = write_file(item, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters)
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| 363 | directory.extend(create_dirent(item.name, name83_list, False, rv[0], rv[1]))
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| 364 | elif item.is_dir:
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| 365 | rv = recursion(False, item.path, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster)
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| 366 | directory.extend(create_dirent(item.name, name83_list, True, rv[0], rv[1]))
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| 367 |
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| 368 | if head:
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| 369 | outf.seek(root_start)
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| 370 | for dir_entry in directory:
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| 371 | outf.write(dir_entry.pack())
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| 372 | else:
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| 373 | return write_directory(directory, outf, cluster_size, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, empty_cluster)
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| 374 |
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| 375 | BOOT_SECTOR = """little:
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| 376 | uint8_t jmp[3] /* jump instruction */
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| 377 | char oem[8] /* OEM string */
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| 378 | uint16_t sector /* bytes per sector */
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| 379 | uint8_t cluster /* sectors per cluster */
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| 380 | uint16_t reserved /* reserved sectors */
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| 381 | uint8_t fats /* number of FATs */
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| 382 | uint16_t rootdir /* root directory entries */
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| 383 | uint16_t sectors /* total number of sectors */
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| 384 | uint8_t descriptor /* media descriptor */
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| 385 | uint16_t fat_sectors /* sectors per single FAT */
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| 386 | uint16_t track_sectors /* sectors per track */
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| 387 | uint16_t heads /* number of heads */
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| 388 | uint32_t hidden /* hidden sectors */
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| 389 | uint32_t sectors_big /* total number of sectors (if sectors == 0) */
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| 390 |
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| 391 | /* Extended BIOS Parameter Block */
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| 392 | uint8_t drive /* physical drive number */
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| 393 | padding[1] /* reserved (current head) */
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| 394 | uint8_t extboot_signature /* extended boot signature */
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| 395 | uint32_t serial /* serial number */
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| 396 | char label[11] /* volume label */
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| 397 | char fstype[8] /* filesystem type */
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| 398 | padding[448] /* boot code */
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| 399 | uint8_t boot_signature[2] /* boot signature */
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| 400 | """
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| 401 |
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| 402 | EMPTY_SECTOR = """little:
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| 403 | padding[512] /* empty sector data */
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| 404 | """
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| 405 |
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| 406 | FAT_ENTRY = """little:
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| 407 | uint16_t next /* FAT16 entry */
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| 408 | """
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| 409 |
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| 410 | def usage(prname):
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| 411 | "Print usage syntax"
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| 412 | print(prname + " <EXTRA_BYTES> <PATH> <IMAGE>")
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| 413 |
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| 414 | def main():
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| 415 | if (len(sys.argv) < 4):
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| 416 | usage(sys.argv[0])
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| 417 | return
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| 418 |
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| 419 | if (not sys.argv[1].isdigit()):
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| 420 | print("<EXTRA_BYTES> must be a number")
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| 421 | return
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| 422 |
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| 423 | extra_bytes = int(sys.argv[1])
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| 424 |
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| 425 | path = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[2])
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| 426 | if (not os.path.isdir(path)):
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| 427 | print("<PATH> must be a directory")
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| 428 | return
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| 429 |
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| 430 | fat16_clusters = 4096
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| 431 |
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| 432 | sector_size = 512
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| 433 | cluster_size = 4096
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| 434 | dirent_size = 32
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| 435 | fatent_size = 2
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| 436 | fat_count = 2
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| 437 | reserved_clusters = 2
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| 438 |
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| 439 | # Make sure the filesystem is large enough for FAT16
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| 440 | size = subtree_size(path, cluster_size, dirent_size) + reserved_clusters * cluster_size + extra_bytes
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| 441 | while (size // cluster_size < fat16_clusters):
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| 442 | if (cluster_size > sector_size):
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| 443 | cluster_size = cluster_size // 2
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| 444 | size = subtree_size(path, cluster_size, dirent_size) + reserved_clusters * cluster_size + extra_bytes
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| 445 | else:
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| 446 | size = fat16_clusters * cluster_size + reserved_clusters * cluster_size
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| 447 |
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| 448 | root_size = align_up(root_entries(path) * dirent_size, cluster_size)
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| 449 |
|
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| 450 | fat_size = align_up(align_up(size, cluster_size) // cluster_size * fatent_size, sector_size)
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|---|
| 451 |
|
|---|
| 452 | sectors = (cluster_size + fat_count * fat_size + root_size + size) // sector_size
|
|---|
| 453 | root_start = cluster_size + fat_count * fat_size
|
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| 454 | data_start = root_start + root_size
|
|---|
| 455 |
|
|---|
| 456 | outf = open(sys.argv[3], "wb")
|
|---|
| 457 |
|
|---|
| 458 | boot_sector = xstruct.create(BOOT_SECTOR)
|
|---|
| 459 | boot_sector.jmp = [0xEB, 0x3C, 0x90]
|
|---|
| 460 | boot_sector.oem = b'MSDOS5.0'
|
|---|
| 461 | boot_sector.sector = sector_size
|
|---|
| 462 | boot_sector.cluster = cluster_size // sector_size
|
|---|
| 463 | boot_sector.reserved = cluster_size // sector_size
|
|---|
| 464 | boot_sector.fats = fat_count
|
|---|
| 465 | boot_sector.rootdir = root_size // dirent_size
|
|---|
| 466 | if (sectors <= 65535):
|
|---|
| 467 | boot_sector.sectors = sectors
|
|---|
| 468 | else:
|
|---|
| 469 | boot_sector.sectors = 0
|
|---|
| 470 | boot_sector.descriptor = 0xF8
|
|---|
| 471 | boot_sector.fat_sectors = fat_size // sector_size
|
|---|
| 472 | boot_sector.track_sectors = 63
|
|---|
| 473 | boot_sector.heads = 6
|
|---|
| 474 | boot_sector.hidden = 0
|
|---|
| 475 | if (sectors > 65535):
|
|---|
| 476 | boot_sector.sectors_big = sectors
|
|---|
| 477 | else:
|
|---|
| 478 | boot_sector.sectors_big = 0
|
|---|
| 479 |
|
|---|
| 480 | boot_sector.drive = 0x80
|
|---|
| 481 | boot_sector.extboot_signature = 0x29
|
|---|
| 482 | boot_sector.serial = random.randint(0, 0x7fffffff)
|
|---|
| 483 | boot_sector.label = b'HELENOS'
|
|---|
| 484 | boot_sector.fstype = b'FAT16 '
|
|---|
| 485 | boot_sector.boot_signature = [0x55, 0xAA]
|
|---|
| 486 |
|
|---|
| 487 | outf.write(boot_sector.pack())
|
|---|
| 488 |
|
|---|
| 489 | empty_sector = xstruct.create(EMPTY_SECTOR)
|
|---|
| 490 |
|
|---|
| 491 | # Reserved sectors
|
|---|
| 492 | for i in range(1, cluster_size // sector_size):
|
|---|
| 493 | outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
|
|---|
| 494 |
|
|---|
| 495 | # FAT tables
|
|---|
| 496 | for i in range(0, fat_count):
|
|---|
| 497 | for j in range(0, fat_size // sector_size):
|
|---|
| 498 | outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
|
|---|
| 499 |
|
|---|
| 500 | # Root directory
|
|---|
| 501 | for i in range(0, root_size // sector_size):
|
|---|
| 502 | outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
|
|---|
| 503 |
|
|---|
| 504 | # Data
|
|---|
| 505 | for i in range(0, size // sector_size):
|
|---|
| 506 | outf.write(empty_sector.pack())
|
|---|
| 507 |
|
|---|
| 508 | fat = array.array('L', [0] * (fat_size // fatent_size))
|
|---|
| 509 | fat[0] = 0xfff8
|
|---|
| 510 | fat[1] = 0xffff
|
|---|
| 511 |
|
|---|
| 512 | recursion(True, path, outf, cluster_size, root_start, data_start, fat, reserved_clusters, dirent_size, 0)
|
|---|
| 513 |
|
|---|
| 514 | # Store FAT
|
|---|
| 515 | fat_entry = xstruct.create(FAT_ENTRY)
|
|---|
| 516 | for i in range(0, fat_count):
|
|---|
| 517 | outf.seek(cluster_size + i * fat_size)
|
|---|
| 518 | for j in range(0, fat_size // fatent_size):
|
|---|
| 519 | fat_entry.next = fat[j]
|
|---|
| 520 | outf.write(fat_entry.pack())
|
|---|
| 521 |
|
|---|
| 522 | outf.close()
|
|---|
| 523 |
|
|---|
| 524 | if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|---|
| 525 | main()
|
|---|
