| 1 | /*
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| 2 | * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
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| 3 | * All rights reserved.
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| 4 | *
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| 5 | * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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| 6 | * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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| 7 | * are met:
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| 8 | *
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| 9 | * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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| 10 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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| 11 | * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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| 12 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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| 13 | * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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| 14 | * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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| 15 | * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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| 16 | *
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| 17 | * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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| 18 | * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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| 19 | * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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| 20 | * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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| 21 | * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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| 22 | * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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| 23 | * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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| 24 | * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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| 25 | * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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| 26 | * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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| 27 | */
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| 28 |
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| 29 | /** @addtogroup kernel_generic
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| 30 | * @{
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| 31 | */
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| 32 |
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| 33 | /**
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| 34 | * @file
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| 35 | * @brief Main initialization kernel function for all processors.
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| 36 | *
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| 37 | * During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent
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| 38 | * initialization, start executing code found in this file. After
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| 39 | * bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().
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| 40 | *
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| 41 | * The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while
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| 42 | * the application processors start executing main_ap().
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| 43 | *
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| 44 | * @see scheduler()
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| 45 | * @see main_bsp()
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| 46 | * @see main_ap()
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| 47 | */
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| 48 |
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| 49 | #include <arch/asm.h>
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| 50 | #include <debug.h>
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| 51 | #include <context.h>
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| 52 | #include <print.h>
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| 53 | #include <panic.h>
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| 54 | #include <assert.h>
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| 55 | #include <config.h>
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| 56 | #include <time/clock.h>
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| 57 | #include <time/timeout.h>
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| 58 | #include <proc/scheduler.h>
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| 59 | #include <proc/thread.h>
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| 60 | #include <proc/task.h>
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| 61 | #include <main/kinit.h>
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| 62 | #include <main/version.h>
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| 63 | #include <console/kconsole.h>
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| 64 | #include <console/console.h>
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| 65 | #include <log.h>
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| 66 | #include <cpu.h>
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| 67 | #include <align.h>
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| 68 | #include <interrupt.h>
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| 69 | #include <str.h>
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| 70 | #include <mm/frame.h>
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| 71 | #include <mm/page.h>
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| 72 | #include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
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| 73 | #include <mm/km.h>
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| 74 | #include <mm/tlb.h>
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| 75 | #include <mm/as.h>
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| 76 | #include <mm/slab.h>
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| 77 | #include <mm/reserve.h>
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| 78 | #include <synch/waitq.h>
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| 79 | #include <synch/futex.h>
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| 80 | #include <synch/workqueue.h>
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| 81 | #include <smp/smp_call.h>
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| 82 | #include <arch/arch.h>
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| 83 | #include <arch.h>
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| 84 | #include <arch/faddr.h>
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| 85 | #include <ipc/ipc.h>
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| 86 | #include <macros.h>
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| 87 | #include <adt/btree.h>
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| 88 | #include <smp/smp.h>
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| 89 | #include <ddi/ddi.h>
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| 90 | #include <main/main.h>
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| 91 | #include <ipc/event.h>
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| 92 | #include <sysinfo/sysinfo.h>
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| 93 | #include <sysinfo/stats.h>
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| 94 | #include <lib/ra.h>
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| 95 | #include <cap/cap.h>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | /*
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| 98 | * Ensure [u]int*_t types are of correct size.
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| 99 | *
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| 100 | * Probably, this is not the best place for such tests
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| 101 | * but this file is compiled on all architectures.
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| 102 | */
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| 103 | #define CHECK_INT_TYPE_(signness, size) \
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| 104 | static_assert(sizeof(signness##size##_t) * 8 == size, \
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| 105 | #signness #size "_t does not have " #size " bits");
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| 106 |
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| 107 | #define CHECK_INT_TYPE(size) \
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| 108 | CHECK_INT_TYPE_(int, size); \
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| 109 | CHECK_INT_TYPE_(uint, size)
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| 110 |
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| 111 | CHECK_INT_TYPE(8);
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| 112 | CHECK_INT_TYPE(16);
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| 113 | CHECK_INT_TYPE(32);
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| 114 | CHECK_INT_TYPE(64);
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| 115 |
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| 116 | /** Global configuration structure. */
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| 117 | config_t config = {
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| 118 | .identity_configured = false,
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| 119 | .non_identity_configured = false,
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| 120 | .physmem_end = 0
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| 121 | };
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| 122 |
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| 123 | /** Boot arguments. */
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| 124 | char bargs[CONFIG_BOOT_ARGUMENTS_BUFLEN] = { };
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| 125 |
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| 126 | /** Initial user-space tasks */
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| 127 | init_t init = {
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| 128 | .cnt = 0
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| 129 | };
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| 130 |
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| 131 | /** Boot allocations. */
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| 132 | ballocs_t ballocs = {
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| 133 | .base = (uintptr_t) NULL,
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| 134 | .size = 0
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| 135 | };
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| 136 |
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| 137 | context_t ctx;
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| 138 |
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| 139 | /** Lowest safe stack virtual address. */
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| 140 | uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;
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| 141 |
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| 142 | /*
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| 143 | * These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the
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| 144 | * kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved
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| 145 | * space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated
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| 146 | * pop sequence otherwise.
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| 147 | */
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| 148 | static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);
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| 149 |
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| 150 | #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
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| 151 | static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);
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| 152 | #endif
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| 153 |
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| 154 | /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.
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| 155 | *
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| 156 | * The code here still runs on the boot stack, which knows nothing about
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| 157 | * preemption counts. Because of that, this function cannot directly call
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| 158 | * functions that disable or enable preemption (e.g. spinlock_lock()). The
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| 159 | * primary task of this function is to calculate address of a new stack and
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| 160 | * switch to it.
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| 161 | *
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| 162 | * Assuming interrupts_disable().
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| 163 | *
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| 164 | */
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| 165 | NO_TRACE void main_bsp(void)
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| 166 | {
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| 167 | config.cpu_count = 1;
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| 168 | config.cpu_active = 1;
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| 169 |
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| 170 | config.base = (uintptr_t) kernel_load_address;
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| 171 |
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| 172 | config.kernel_size =
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| 173 | ALIGN_UP((uintptr_t) kdata_end - config.base, PAGE_SIZE);
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| 174 | config.stack_size = STACK_SIZE;
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| 175 |
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| 176 | /* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */
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| 177 | config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;
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| 178 |
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| 179 | /* Avoid placing stack on top of init */
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| 180 | size_t i;
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| 181 | for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {
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| 182 | if (overlaps(KA2PA(config.stack_base), config.stack_size,
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| 183 | init.tasks[i].paddr, init.tasks[i].size)) {
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| 184 | /*
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| 185 | * The init task overlaps with the memory behind the
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| 186 | * kernel image so it must be in low memory and we can
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| 187 | * use PA2KA on the init task's physical address.
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| 188 | */
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| 189 | config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(
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| 190 | PA2KA(init.tasks[i].paddr) + init.tasks[i].size,
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| 191 | config.stack_size);
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| 192 | }
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| 193 | }
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| 194 |
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| 195 | /* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */
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| 196 | if (ballocs.size) {
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| 197 | if (PA_OVERLAPS(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
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| 198 | ballocs.base, ballocs.size))
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| 199 | config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +
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| 200 | ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);
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| 201 | }
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| 202 |
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| 203 | if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)
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| 204 | config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);
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| 205 |
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| 206 | context_save(&ctx);
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| 207 | context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack),
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| 208 | config.stack_base, STACK_SIZE);
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| 209 | context_restore(&ctx);
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| 210 | /* not reached */
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| 211 | }
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| 212 |
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| 213 | /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.
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| 214 | *
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| 215 | * Second part of main_bsp().
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| 216 | *
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| 217 | */
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| 218 | void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)
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| 219 | {
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| 220 | /* Keep this the first thing. */
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| 221 | the_initialize(THE);
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| 222 |
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| 223 | version_print();
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| 224 |
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| 225 | LOG("\nconfig.base=%p config.kernel_size=%zu"
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| 226 | "\nconfig.stack_base=%p config.stack_size=%zu",
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| 227 | (void *) config.base, config.kernel_size,
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| 228 | (void *) config.stack_base, config.stack_size);
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| 229 |
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| 230 | #ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE
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| 231 | /*
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| 232 | * kconsole data structures must be initialized very early
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| 233 | * because other subsystems will register their respective
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| 234 | * commands.
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| 235 | */
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| 236 | kconsole_init();
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| 237 | #endif
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| 238 |
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| 239 | /*
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| 240 | * Exception handler initialization, before architecture
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| 241 | * starts adding its own handlers
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| 242 | */
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| 243 | exc_init();
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| 244 |
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| 245 | /*
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| 246 | * Memory management subsystems initialization.
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| 247 | */
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| 248 | ARCH_OP(pre_mm_init);
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| 249 | km_identity_init();
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| 250 | frame_init();
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| 251 | slab_cache_init();
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| 252 | ra_init();
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| 253 | sysinfo_init();
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| 254 | btree_init();
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| 255 | as_init();
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| 256 | page_init();
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| 257 | tlb_init();
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| 258 | km_non_identity_init();
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| 259 | ddi_init();
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| 260 | ARCH_OP(post_mm_init);
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| 261 | reserve_init();
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| 262 | ARCH_OP(pre_smp_init);
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| 263 | smp_init();
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| 264 |
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| 265 | /* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */
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| 266 | slab_enable_cpucache();
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| 267 |
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| 268 | uint64_t size;
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| 269 | const char *size_suffix;
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| 270 | bin_order_suffix(zones_total_size(), &size, &size_suffix, false);
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| 271 | printf("Detected %u CPU(s), %" PRIu64 " %s free memory\n",
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| 272 | config.cpu_count, size, size_suffix);
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| 273 |
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| 274 | cpu_init();
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| 275 | calibrate_delay_loop();
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| 276 | ARCH_OP(post_cpu_init);
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| 277 |
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| 278 | smp_call_init();
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| 279 | workq_global_init();
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| 280 | clock_counter_init();
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| 281 | timeout_init();
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| 282 | scheduler_init();
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| 283 | caps_init();
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| 284 | task_init();
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| 285 | thread_init();
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| 286 | futex_init();
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| 287 |
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| 288 | sysinfo_set_item_data("boot_args", NULL, bargs, str_size(bargs) + 1);
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| 289 |
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| 290 | if (init.cnt > 0) {
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| 291 | size_t i;
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| 292 | for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)
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| 293 | LOG("init[%zu].addr=%p, init[%zu].size=%zu",
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| 294 | i, (void *) init.tasks[i].paddr, i, init.tasks[i].size);
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| 295 | } else
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| 296 | printf("No init binaries found.\n");
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| 297 |
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| 298 | ipc_init();
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| 299 | event_init();
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| 300 | kio_init();
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| 301 | log_init();
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| 302 | stats_init();
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| 303 |
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| 304 | /*
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| 305 | * Create kernel task.
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| 306 | */
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| 307 | task_t *kernel = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");
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| 308 | if (!kernel)
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| 309 | panic("Cannot create kernel task.");
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| 310 |
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| 311 | /*
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| 312 | * Create the first thread.
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| 313 | */
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| 314 | thread_t *kinit_thread = thread_create(kinit, NULL, kernel,
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| 315 | THREAD_FLAG_UNCOUNTED, "kinit");
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| 316 | if (!kinit_thread)
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| 317 | panic("Cannot create kinit thread.");
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| 318 | thread_ready(kinit_thread);
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| 319 |
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| 320 | /*
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| 321 | * This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,
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| 322 | * starting the thread of kernel threads.
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| 323 | */
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| 324 | scheduler();
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| 325 | /* not reached */
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| 326 | }
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| 327 |
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| 328 | #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
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| 329 |
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| 330 | /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.
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| 331 | *
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| 332 | * Executed by application processors, temporary stack
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| 333 | * is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.
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| 334 | * This function passes control directly to
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| 335 | * main_ap_separated_stack().
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| 336 | *
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| 337 | * Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.
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| 338 | *
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| 339 | */
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| 340 | void main_ap(void)
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| 341 | {
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| 342 | /*
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| 343 | * Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the
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| 344 | * *_init() functions can find out that they need to
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| 345 | * do initialization for AP only.
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| 346 | */
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| 347 | config.cpu_active++;
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| 348 |
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| 349 | /*
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| 350 | * The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.
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| 351 | */
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| 352 | the_initialize(THE);
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| 353 |
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| 354 | ARCH_OP(pre_mm_init);
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| 355 | frame_init();
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| 356 | page_init();
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| 357 | tlb_init();
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| 358 | ARCH_OP(post_mm_init);
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| 359 |
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| 360 | cpu_init();
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| 361 | calibrate_delay_loop();
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| 362 | ARCH_OP(post_cpu_init);
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| 363 |
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| 364 | the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);
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| 365 |
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| 366 | /*
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| 367 | * If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could
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| 368 | * collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we
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| 369 | * switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.
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| 370 | */
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| 371 | context_save(&CPU->saved_context);
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| 372 | context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),
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| 373 | (uintptr_t) CPU->stack, STACK_SIZE);
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| 374 | context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);
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| 375 | /* not reached */
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| 376 | }
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| 377 |
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| 378 | /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.
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| 379 | *
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| 380 | * Second part of main_ap().
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| 381 | *
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| 382 | */
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| 383 | void main_ap_separated_stack(void)
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| 384 | {
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| 385 | smp_call_init();
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| 386 |
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| 387 | /*
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| 388 | * Configure timeouts for this cpu.
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| 389 | */
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| 390 | timeout_init();
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| 391 |
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| 392 | waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
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| 393 | scheduler();
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| 394 | /* not reached */
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| 395 | }
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| 396 |
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| 397 | #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
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| 398 |
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| 399 | /** @}
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| 400 | */
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