source: mainline/arch/amd64/src/pm.c@ 389f41e

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <arch/pm.h>
#include <arch/mm/page.h>
#include <arch/types.h>
#include <arch/interrupt.h>
#include <arch/asm.h>

#include <config.h>

#include <memstr.h>
#include <mm/heap.h>
#include <debug.h>

/*
 * There is no segmentation in long mode so we set up flat mode. In this
 * mode, we use, for each privilege level, two segments spanning the
 * whole memory. One is for code and one is for data.
 */

struct descriptor gdt[GDT_ITEMS] = {
        /* NULL descriptor */
        { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
        /* KTEXT descriptor */
        { .limit_0_15  = 0xffff, 
          .base_0_15   = 0, 
          .base_16_23  = 0, 
          .access      = AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_KERNEL | AR_READABLE , 
          .limit_16_19 = 0xf, 
          .available   = 0, 
          .longmode    = 1, 
          .special     = 0,
          .granularity = 1, 
          .base_24_31  = 0 },
        /* KDATA descriptor */
        { .limit_0_15  = 0xffff, 
          .base_0_15   = 0, 
          .base_16_23  = 0, 
          .access      = AR_PRESENT | AR_DATA | AR_WRITABLE | DPL_KERNEL, 
          .limit_16_19 = 0xf, 
          .available   = 0, 
          .longmode    = 0, 
          .special     = 0, 
          .granularity = 1, 
          .base_24_31  = 0 },
        /* UTEXT descriptor */
        { .limit_0_15  = 0xffff, 
          .base_0_15   = 0, 
          .base_16_23  = 0, 
          .access      = AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_USER, 
          .limit_16_19 = 0xf, 
          .available   = 0, 
          .longmode    = 1, 
          .special     = 0, 
          .granularity = 1, 
          .base_24_31  = 0 },
        /* UDATA descriptor */
        { .limit_0_15  = 0xffff, 
          .base_0_15   = 0, 
          .base_16_23  = 0, 
          .access      = AR_PRESENT | AR_DATA | AR_WRITABLE | DPL_USER, 
          .limit_16_19 = 0xf, 
          .available   = 0, 
          .longmode    = 0, 
          .special     = 1, 
          .granularity = 1, 
          .base_24_31  = 0 },
        /* KTEXT 32-bit protected, for protected mode before long mode */
        { .limit_0_15  = 0xffff, 
          .base_0_15   = 0, 
          .base_16_23  = 0, 
          .access      = AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_KERNEL | AR_READABLE, 
          .limit_16_19 = 0xf, 
          .available   = 0, 
          .longmode    = 0, 
          .special     = 1,
          .granularity = 1, 
          .base_24_31  = 0 },
        /* TSS descriptor - set up will be completed later,
         * on AMD64 it is 64-bit - 2 items in table */
        { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
        { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
};

struct idescriptor idt[IDT_ITEMS];

struct ptr_16_64 gdtr = {.limit = sizeof(gdt), .base= (__u64) gdt };
struct ptr_16_64 idtr = {.limit = sizeof(idt), .base= (__u64) idt };

static struct tss tss;
struct tss *tss_p = NULL;

void gdt_tss_setbase(struct descriptor *d, __address base)
{
        struct tss_descriptor *td = (struct tss_descriptor *) d;

        td->base_0_15 = base & 0xffff;
        td->base_16_23 = ((base) >> 16) & 0xff;
        td->base_24_31 = ((base) >> 24) & 0xff;
        td->base_32_63 = ((base) >> 32);
}

void gdt_tss_setlimit(struct descriptor *d, __u32 limit)
{
        struct tss_descriptor *td = (struct tss_descriptor *) d;

        td->limit_0_15 = limit & 0xffff;
        td->limit_16_19 = (limit >> 16) & 0xf;
}

void idt_setoffset(struct idescriptor *d, __address offset)
{
        /*
         * Offset is a linear address.
         */
        d->offset_0_15 = offset & 0xffff;
        d->offset_16_31 = offset >> 16 & 0xffff;
        d->offset_32_63 = offset >> 32;
}

void tss_initialize(struct tss *t)
{
        memsetb((__address) t, sizeof(struct tss), 0);
}

/*
 * This function takes care of proper setup of IDT and IDTR.
 */
void idt_init(void)
{
        struct idescriptor *d;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < IDT_ITEMS; i++) {
                d = &idt[i];

                d->unused = 0;
                d->selector = gdtselector(KTEXT_DES);

                d->present = 1;
                d->type = AR_INTERRUPT; /* masking interrupt */

                if (i == VECTOR_SYSCALL) {
                        /*
                         * The syscall interrupt gate must be calleable from userland.
                         */
                        d->dpl |= PL_USER;
                }
                
                idt_setoffset(d, ((__address) interrupt_handlers) + i*interrupt_handler_size);
                trap_register(i, null_interrupt);
        }
        trap_register(13, gp_fault);
        trap_register( 7, nm_fault);
        trap_register(12, ss_fault);    
}


/* Clean IOPL(12,13) and NT(14) flags in EFLAGS register */
static void clean_IOPL_NT_flags(void)
{
        asm
        (
                "pushfq;"
                "pop %%rax;"
                "and $~(0x7000),%%rax;"
                "pushq %%rax;"
                "popfq;"
                :
                :
                :"%rax"
        );
}

/* Clean AM(18) flag in CR0 register */
static void clean_AM_flag(void)
{
        asm
        (
                "mov %%cr0,%%rax;"
                "and $~(0x40000),%%rax;"
                "mov %%rax,%%cr0;"
                :
                :
                :"%rax"
        );
}

void pm_init(void)
{
        struct descriptor *gdt_p = (struct descriptor *) gdtr.base;
        struct tss_descriptor *tss_desc;

        /*
         * Each CPU has its private GDT and TSS.
         * All CPUs share one IDT.
         */

        if (config.cpu_active == 1) {
                idt_init();
                /*
                 * NOTE: bootstrap CPU has statically allocated TSS, because
                 * the heap hasn't been initialized so far.
                 */
                tss_p = &tss;
        }
        else {
                tss_p = (struct tss *) malloc(sizeof(struct tss));
                if (!tss_p)
                        panic("could not allocate TSS\n");
        }

        tss_initialize(tss_p);

        tss_desc = (struct tss_descriptor *) (&gdt_p[TSS_DES]);
        tss_desc->present = 1;
        tss_desc->type = AR_TSS;
        tss_desc->dpl = PL_KERNEL;
        
        gdt_tss_setbase(&gdt_p[TSS_DES], (__address) tss_p);
        gdt_tss_setlimit(&gdt_p[TSS_DES], sizeof(struct tss) - 1);

        __asm__("lgdt %0" : : "m"(gdtr));
        __asm__("lidt %0" : : "m"(idtr));
        /*
         * As of this moment, the current CPU has its own GDT pointing
         * to its own TSS. We just need to load the TR register.
         */
        __asm__("ltr %0" : : "r" ((__u16) gdtselector(TSS_DES)));
        
        clean_IOPL_NT_flags();    /* Disable I/O on nonprivileged levels */
        clean_AM_flag();          /* Disable alignment check */
}