Changes between Version 20 and Version 21 of UsersGuide/DisksFileSystems

Timestamp:

2018-12-05T10:42:51Z (5 years ago)

Author:

Jiri Svoboda

Comment:

Update for automatic volume mounting, fdisk, vol

UsersGuide/DisksFileSystems

@@ -14 +14 @@
 || [wiki:Fs/Mfs MFS]       || `mfs`           || no             || yes                 || Stable ||
 || [wiki:Fs/Udf UDF]       || `udf`           || no             || no                  || Read-only testing ||
+
+HelenOS also supports the MBR/BIOS and GPT/UEFI partitioning schemes.
 
 == Directory structure ==
@@ -29 +31 @@
 || /srv  || server applications (services, e.g. console, networking - see the [wiki:CommandReference Command Reference]) ||
 || /tmp  || temporary files ||
+|| /w    || writable system volume (has free space, can be persistent) ||
 
 This layout is not fixed in any way and may change in the future.
@@ -37 +40 @@
 
 || file_bd || File-backed block device ||
-|| part || Disk label/partition driver - provides block devices for individual partitions ||
 || rd || Initial ramdisk ||
 || sata_bd || AHCI SATA ||
+|| vbd || Virtual Block Device - provides block devices for individual partitions ||
 
 DDF-based:
@@ -47 +50 @@
 || ddisk || msim disk driver ||
 
-== Working with disk labels and file systems ==
+== Managing disk labels and file systems ==
 
 You can use the interactive {{{fdisk}}} utility to create and manage disk labels.
@@ -57 +60 @@
 invoking a {{{mk*fs}}} utility.
 
-== Mounting file systems ==
-
-In order to make use of a file system it needs to be mounted into the filesystem namespace
-using the {{{mount}}} command. Typing just {{{mount<enter>}}} prints out a list of mounted
-file systems. Te basic syntax to mount a file system is:
+Here's an example {{{fdisk}}} session where we create a new partition table, create one partition with and Ext4 file system labeled 'Test' that will be automatically mounted at {{{/vol/Test}}}. Note that in several cases we just hit enter and go with the default choice.
+
+{{{
+/ # fdisk
+}}}
+{{{
+Select device
+1: devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0 (2.097 MB)
+2: devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c2\d0 (34.09 MB)
+3: Exit
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 1
+}}}
+{{{
+Device: devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0 (2.097 MB)
+Disk contains no label.
+Entire disk: (No name) 2.097 MB, Empty
+Select action
+1: Create label
+2: Exit
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 1
+}}}
+{{{
+Select label type
+1: MBR [default]
+2: GPT
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 1
+}}}
+{{{
+Device: devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0 (2.097 MB)
+Label type: MBR
+Maximum free primary block: 2.085 MB
+Total free primary space: 2.085 MB
+Select action
+1: Create primary partition
+2: Create extended partition
+3: Delete label
+4: Exit
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 1
+}}}
+{{{
+Enter capacity of new partition.
+?> 2.085 MB
+Select file system type
+1: ExFAT
+2: FAT
+3: MINIX
+4: Ext4 [default]
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 4
+}}}
+{{{
+Enter volume label for new partition.
+}}}
+{{{
+?> Test
+}}}
+{{{
+Enter mount point for new partition (Auto, None or /path).
+?> Auto
+}}}
+{{{
+Device: devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0 (2.097 MB)
+Label type: MBR
+Partition 1: Test 2.085 MB, Primary, Ext4
+Select action
+1: Modify partition
+2: Delete partition
+3: Delete label
+4: Exit
+}}}
+{{{
+Choice> 4
+}}}
+{{{
+/ # vol
+Volume Name Resource                            Content  Auto Mounted at     
+=========== =================================== ======== ==== ===============
+HelenOS-CD  devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c2\d0p0 ISO 9660 Yes  /vol/HelenOS-CD
+Test        devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0p1 Ext4     Yes  /vol/Test      
+/ # 
+}}}
+
+== Accessing File Systems ==
+
+In many cases the OS makes file systems available automatically. For any file system that has a volume label and is not located on the internal ATA disk drive, it should be automatically available under {{{/vol/<volume_label>}}}. This works for CD-ROMS and USB flash sticks, for example.
+
+To find out which volumes are present in the system and where they are mounted, use the {{{vol}}} command. For example:
+
+{{{
+/ # vol
+Volume Name Resource                            Content  Auto Mounted at     
+=========== =================================== ======== ==== ===============
+            devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c1\d0p0 FAT                          
+HelenOS-CD  devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c2\d0p0 ISO 9660 Yes  /vol/HelenOS-CD
+# 
+}}}
+
+The partition on the internal drive is not mounted by default, but we can change that using the {{{fdisk}}} command.
+
+If you would like to remove a volume from the system, use the {{{vol eject }}} command:
+
+{{{
+# vol eject /vol/HelenOS-CD
+}}}
+
+To insert the volume back we can use either:
+
+{{{
+# vol insert -p /vol/HelenOS-CD
+}}}
+
+or
+
+{{{
+# vol insert devices/\hw\sys\00:01.0\ata-c2\d0p0
+}}}
+
+== Mounting file systems manually ==
+
+'''This should only be needed in special circumstances. In most cases use {{{fdisk}}} to configure the mount point. Only do this if you know what you are doing as it may break the system's idea of file system status.'''
+
+Typing just {{{mount<enter>}}} prints out a list of mounted
+file systems. The basic syntax to mount a file system is:
 
 {{{